Cell Structure Quiz

Plasma membrane: a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment
Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes take place
Nucleus: the control center of the cell where DNA is stored
Mitochondria: organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER): a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis and transport
Ribosomes: small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs
Lysosomes: membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes and help break down and recycle cellular waste

Metabolism: the process of converting energy and nutrients into the components that make up living organisms
Growth and Development: cells grow, divide, and differentiate to form tissues and organs
Response to Stimuli: cells respond to changes in their environment through signaling pathways and gene expression
Waste Management: cells recycle and remove waste products through autophagy and exocytosis

Mitosis: the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Meiosis: the process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell
Cytokinesis: the physical process of cell division that separates the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells

Prokaryotic cells: cells lacking a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g. bacteria)
Eukaryotic cells: cells with a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g. plants, animals, fungi)
Stem cells: undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into specialized cells
Specialized cells: cells that have differentiated to perform specific functions (e.g. nerve cells, muscle cells)

Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable membrane that separates the cell from its environment and regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes, such as protein synthesis and cell signaling, take place.
Nucleus is the control center of the cell where DNA is stored, and it plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and cell growth.
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for generating energy for the cell through cellular respiration, producing ATP.
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranous tubules and cisternae involved in protein synthesis, folding, and transport, and it's also responsible for lipid synthesis.
Ribosomes are small organelles found throughout the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs, and they read messenger RNA sequences to assemble amino acids into polypeptide chains.
Lysosomes are membrane-bound sacs that contain digestive enzymes and help break down and recycle cellular waste, such as proteins and organelles.

Metabolism involves the breakdown of nutrients to produce energy and the synthesis of new molecules, and it's essential for maintaining cell homeostasis.
Cells grow, divide, and differentiate to form tissues and organs, and this process is regulated by hormonal signals and gene expression.
Response to stimuli involves the activation of signaling pathways and gene expression, allowing cells to adapt to changes in their environment.
Waste management involves the recycling and removal of waste products through autophagy and exocytosis, which helps maintain cellular homeostasis.

Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, and it's essential for tissue growth and repair.
Meiosis is a process of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell, and it's essential for sexual reproduction.
Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division that separates the cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells, and it occurs after mitosis and meiosis.

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and they're typically found in bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and they're typically found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate into specialized cells, and they're essential for development and tissue repair.
Specialized cells have differentiated to perform specific functions, such as nerve cells that transmit signals, muscle cells that contract, and epithelial cells that form tissue barriers.