Cells and Tissues: Integrated Science Week 01

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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of vacuoles?

  • To store food, nutrients, and waste products (correct)
  • To regulate the cell's activities
  • To provide structural support to plant cells
  • To synthesize proteins

What is the characteristic of plastids in plant cells?

  • They are found only in animal cells
  • They are large, membrane-bound organelles (correct)
  • They are small, membrane-bound organelles
  • They are not found in plant cells

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  • To produce energy through cellular respiration (correct)
  • To synthesize proteins
  • To store genetic information
  • To provide structural support to plant cells

What is the main function of the nucleus?

<p>To regulate the cell's activities and manage genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

<p>They lack a nucleus and most internal structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts?

<p>To perform photosynthesis and produce energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes?

<p>To synthesize proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

<p>They have a true nucleus and complex, membrane-bound organelles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life?

<p>Cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysosomes in cells?

<p>To digest waste products and respond to foreign substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between plant and animal cells in terms of cell walls?

<p>Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, while animal cells have a cell membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

<p>To manage and regulate the cell's activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitochondria in cells?

<p>To produce energy through cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four primary types of tissues in multicellular organisms?

<p>Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

<p>To help in photosynthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of vacuoles in cells?

<p>To store water, nutrients, and waste products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is a cell?

The smallest unit of life that can function independently.

What is the nucleus?

The control center of eukaryotic cells, containing DNA and managing cellular activities.

What are mitochondria?

The site of energy production in cells through cellular respiration. Converts food into usable energy.

What are lysosomes?

Membrane-bound organelles that break down waste products, digest foreign substances, and recycle cellular components.

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What are vacuoles?

Storage compartments within cells, containing water, nutrients, and waste products.

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What are plastids?

Large, membrane-bound organelles that contain pigments, responsible for color and photosynthesis.

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What is the cell wall?

The rigid outer layer of plant cells, providing structural support and protection.

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What is a tissue?

Groups of similar cells working together to perform a specific function.

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What are eukaryotic cells?

Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

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What are prokaryotic cells?

Cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are simpler and smaller than eukaryotic cells.

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What is cytoplasm?

The jelly-like substance that fills the cell, providing a medium for chemical reactions and holding organelles.

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What are chromosomes?

Structures within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, carrying genetic information in the form of DNA.

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What are ribosomes?

Organelles that synthesize proteins. They read genetic instructions from DNA.

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What are chloroplasts?

Green plastids containing chlorophyll, responsible for performing photosynthesis in plants.

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What are chromoplasts?

Plastids containing colorful pigments that give plants their yellow, orange, and red colors.

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What are leucoplasts?

Colorless plastids that store nutrients in plants.

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Study Notes

Cell Basics

  • Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life
  • Each cell performs specific functions and contains organelles that carry out various tasks
  • There are two main types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic

Tissues

  • Tissues are groups of cells working together to perform a specific function
  • Cells within a tissue are structurally and functionally related
  • There are four primary types of tissues in multicellular organisms:
    • epithelial tissue
    • connective tissue
    • muscle tissue
    • nervous tissue

Plant Cell

  • Has a rigid cell wall
  • Contains chloroplasts that help in photosynthesis
  • Has a large central vacuole that stores water, nutrients, and waste products

Animal Cell

  • Surrounded by a cell membrane that provides structure
  • Comes in various shapes (e.g., round, oval)
  • Contains a nucleus that houses genetic material

Nucleus

  • The nucleus is the control center of cellular activities and the storehouse of the cell's DNA
  • It is a double-membraned organelle found in all eukaryotic cells
  • The nucleus manages and regulates the cell's activities and contains genetic information

Mitochondria

  • Produces energy (ATP) through cellular respiration
  • Contains circular DNA

Lysosome

  • Lysosomes are organelles that digest waste products of cells
  • They respond to foreign substances entering the cell by engulfing them
  • Found in all animal cells, but rarely found in plant cells due to their cell wall

Vacuole

  • Vacuoles are storage bubbles enclosed by a membrane
  • Stores food or a variety of nutrients that a cell might need to survive
  • Stores waste products, which are eventually thrown out by vacuoles
  • Plant cells have larger vacuoles compared to animal cells

Plastids

  • Large, membrane-bound organelles that contain pigments
  • Three types of plastids based on pigments:
    • Chloroplast: contains chlorophyll, giving plants their green color
    • Chromoplasts: provide plants with yellow, orange, red colors
    • Leucoplasts: colorless, store nutrients

Organelles

  • Mitochondria: energy production through cellular respiration
  • Nucleus: manages and regulates cell activities, contains genetic information
  • Cytoplasm: holds cellular structures, provides medium for chemical reactions
  • Chromosomes: stores genetic information in the nucleus
  • Ribosomes: synthesizes proteins
  • Cell Wall: provides structural support and protection to plant cells
  • Chloroplast: performs photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy

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