Cell Structure and Tissue Types
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Questions and Answers

Which subatomic particle has a positive electrical charge?

  • Protons (correct)
  • Neutrons
  • Electrons
  • None of the above

    • Which type of bond is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms?

  • Polar covalent bond
  • Covalent bond (correct)
  • Ionic bond
  • Hydrogen bond

    • Which type of covalent bond is formed when electrons are shared equally?

  • Nonpolar covalent bond (correct)
  • Polar covalent bond
  • Ionic bond
  • Double covalent bond

    • What is the atomic number of an atom?

    <p>The number of protons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average mass of an element's atoms called?

    <p>Atomic weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for atoms or molecules that have an electric charge?

    <p>Ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus?

    <p>Isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for weak attractive force between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen or nitrogen atom?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the capacity to perform work?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of energy required to start a reaction?

    <p>Activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity is lined by the serous membrane called the pericardium?

    <p>Pericardial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of serous membranes?

    <p>Reduce friction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outer layer of the pericardium called?

    <p>Parietal pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Contain the abdominal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pleural cavities?

    <p>Cover the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity contains the heart?

    <p>Pericardial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Cover the abdominal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Cover the pelvic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer covering the outer surface of a lung called?

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer covering the heart called?

    <p>Visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Catalyzing reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport process requires energy expenditure by the cell?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of epithelial tissue?

    <p>Skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane lines the cavities of joints?

    <p>Synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about tumors is correct?

    <p>Malignant tumors spread to other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue type is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses?

    <p>Nervous tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

    <p>Manufactures proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process depends on the tonicity of a solution?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular event leads to the formation of tissues?

    <p>Cellular differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cavity is lined by the serous membrane called the pleura?

    <p>Pleural cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer covering the heart called?

    <p>Visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer covering the outer surface of a lung called?

    <p>Visceral pleura</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for atoms or molecules that have an electric charge?

    <p>Ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the capacity to perform work?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Producing energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transport process requires energy expenditure by the cell?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average mass of an element's atoms called?

    <p>Atomic mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of energy required to start a reaction?

    <p>Activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solution results in water moving out of a cell?

    <p>Hypertonic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is found on external body surfaces and line passageways?

    <p>Epithelial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bond is formed between atoms in a water molecule?

    <p>Covalent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the nuclear envelope?

    <p>Substance movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane is found in joints?

    <p>Synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for abnormal cell growths that can invade other tissues?

    <p>Malignant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the movement of substances into a cell?

    <p>Endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microvilli on the cell surface?

    <p>Absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses?

    <p>Nervous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Tissue Types

    • Enzymes catalyze reactions in cells, with substrates binding to the enzyme's active site.
    • The plasma membrane is thin and composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
    • Different transport processes include diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
    • Osmotic flow depends on whether the solution is isotonic, hypotonic, or hypertonic.
    • The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the nucleoplasm and nuclear pores.
    • Microvilli are finger-shaped projections on the plasma membrane that increase surface area.
    • Cilia are extensions of the plasma membrane that can be motile or nonmotile.
    • Ribosomes manufacture proteins and can be free or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes involved in synthesis, storage, transport, and detoxification.
    • Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions.
    • Tumors can be benign or malignant, with malignant tumors spreading to other tissues.
    • Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to specialized cell functions and the formation of tissues.
    • Epithelial tissues cover external body surfaces and can be classified based on layers and cell shapes. Connective tissues include connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues, and supporting connective tissues. Mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial membranes are types of epithelial membranes. Muscle tissues include skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles. Nervous tissues transmit electrical impulses and are concentrated in the brain and spinal cord.

    Cell Structure and Tissue Types

    • Enzymes catalyze reactions that sustain life by interacting with substrates to form products.
    • The plasma membrane is a thin structure composed of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It facilitates transport processes such as diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, and exocytosis.
    • Osmotic flow occurs when there is a difference in solute concentration between the inside and outside of the cell. Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions result in different water movements.
    • The nucleus is the control center of the cell, dictating its function and structure. It is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, which contains nuclear pores for substance movement.
    • Microvilli are finger-shaped projections on the cell surface that increase its surface area for absorption purposes.
    • Cilia are long extensions of the plasma membrane that can be motile or nonmotile, used for movement or sensing signals.
    • Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and come in two major types: free ribosomes spread throughout the cytoplasm and fixed ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of intracellular membranes that synthesize proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, store materials, transport substances, and detoxify drugs or toxins. It has two types: smooth (SER) and rough (RER).
    • Mitochondria provide energy for the cell through energy-producing reactions. They have a double membrane, with the inner membrane folded to form cristae.
    • Tumors are abnormal cell growths that can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are usually not life-threatening, while malignant tumors can invade other tissues and spread through metastasis.
    • Cellular differentiation occurs when specific genes are turned off, leading to specialized cell types. A collection of specialized cells is called a tissue.
    • Epithelial tissues are found on external body surfaces and line passageways. They can be classified based on layers and cell shapes. Connective tissues include connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissues (blood and lymph), and supporting connective tissues (cartilage and bone). Mucous, serous, cutaneous, and synovial membranes are different types of epithelial membranes.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on cell structure and tissue types with this quiz! Learn about enzymes, plasma membranes, transport processes, the nucleus, microvilli, cilia, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, tumors, cellular differentiation, and various types of tissues. Perfect for students and enthusiasts interested in biology and anatomy.

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