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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which organelles are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
Which organelles are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
What is the approximate size of DNA?
What is the approximate size of DNA?
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Which organelle is responsible for disposal within the cell and is filled with digestive enzymes?
Which organelle is responsible for disposal within the cell and is filled with digestive enzymes?
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What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
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What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
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What is the current theory of the cell membrane?
What is the current theory of the cell membrane?
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Which of the following is NOT a biological function of cell membranes?
Which of the following is NOT a biological function of cell membranes?
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What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration called?
What is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration called?
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Which transport mechanism requires energy in the form of ATP?
Which transport mechanism requires energy in the form of ATP?
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What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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Which components make up the cytoplasm?
Which components make up the cytoplasm?
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What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
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What are microtubules made of?
What are microtubules made of?
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Which cells are classified as eukaryotic?
Which cells are classified as eukaryotic?
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Where does photosynthesis take place?
Where does photosynthesis take place?
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Why is the release of oxygen during photosynthesis important?
Why is the release of oxygen during photosynthesis important?
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What is required for the practical about macromolecules and biomolecules happening tomorrow?
What is required for the practical about macromolecules and biomolecules happening tomorrow?
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What needs to be done with the practical manual?
What needs to be done with the practical manual?
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What is the role of the cell membrane in osmosis and diffusion?
What is the role of the cell membrane in osmosis and diffusion?
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What is an example of active transport?
What is an example of active transport?
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Which statement accurately describes cell theory?
Which statement accurately describes cell theory?
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What is the resolution limit of a light microscope?
What is the resolution limit of a light microscope?
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Why are most cells not visible to the naked eye?
Why are most cells not visible to the naked eye?
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Which type of cell has a DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope and many specialized organelles?
Which type of cell has a DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope and many specialized organelles?
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What is the main difference between animal cells and plant cells?
What is the main difference between animal cells and plant cells?
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What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the function of lysosomes?
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What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoplasm?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoplasm?
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What is the function of microtubules in a cell?
What is the function of microtubules in a cell?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
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What is an example of active transport?
What is an example of active transport?
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Which organelle is responsible for breaking down cellular waste into simple components for reuse by the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down cellular waste into simple components for reuse by the cell?
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What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
What is the function of mitochondria in the cell?
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What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
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What is the current theory of the cell membrane?
What is the current theory of the cell membrane?
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Which type of microscope has a higher resolution, allowing for the visualization of smaller structures within cells?
Which type of microscope has a higher resolution, allowing for the visualization of smaller structures within cells?
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What is the resolution limit of a light microscope?
What is the resolution limit of a light microscope?
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Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
Which of the following is NOT a principle of the cell theory?
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What is the function of the cell membrane in diffusion and osmosis?
What is the function of the cell membrane in diffusion and osmosis?
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What is the main function of facilitated diffusion?
What is the main function of facilitated diffusion?
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What is the main function of active transport?
What is the main function of active transport?
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What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates through photosynthesis?
Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates through photosynthesis?
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What is the main function of the cell membrane?
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
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Which process uses proteins to allow bigger molecules to pass through the cell membrane?
Which process uses proteins to allow bigger molecules to pass through the cell membrane?
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What is the role of the cell membrane in osmosis and diffusion?
What is the role of the cell membrane in osmosis and diffusion?
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the main difference between hypertonic and hypotonic cells?
What is the main difference between hypertonic and hypotonic cells?
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Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris within the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris within the cell?
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What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
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What is the main difference between plant cells and animal cells?
What is the main difference between plant cells and animal cells?
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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
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Study Notes
Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells, Organelles, and the Endomembrane System
- Eukaryotic cells have a DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope and many specialized organelles, while prokaryotic cells have a single chromosome in the center of the cell with no nuclear envelope.
- Animal cells and plant cells are structurally similar, but plant cells have additional components such as a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and specialized vacuoles for storing water.
- Cell fractionation is a method used to separate organelles within a cell by using centrifugal forces to break the cell apart and separate the organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have many specialized organelles, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, and various other organelles. Animal cells also have a cytoplasm, while plant cells have additional organelles like chloroplasts and specialized vacuoles.
- The nucleus controls and stores hereditary characteristics of the organism, aids in protein synthesis, cell division, growth, and differentiation, and contains the nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nuclear pores.
- The endomembrane system is composed of a group of membranes and organelles that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.
- The endomembrane system includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and cell membranes.
- The ER is divided into two types: rough ER, which is covered in ribosomes and produces proteins, and smooth ER, which does not contain ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- Ribosomes are found throughout the cell and are responsible for building proteins.
- The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced by the ER, packages them into vesicles, and sends them to the correct locations using small molecules as "postage stamps."
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles filled with digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.
- Cell membranes separate the cell from its external environment and are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and carbohydrates.
Comparison of Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells, Organelles, and Endomembrane System
- Eukaryotic cells have DNA enclosed in a nuclear envelope and many specialized organelles, while prokaryotic cells have one chromosome in the center of the cell and no nuclear envelope.
- Plant cells have additional components compared to animal cells, such as a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and specialized vacuoles for storing water.
- Cell fractionation is a method used to separate organelles within a cell using centrifugal forces to break the cell apart and separate the organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, including the plasma membrane, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and various specialized organelles.
- Animal cells have additional organelles compared to plant cells, such as lysosomes and peroxisomes.
- The nucleus controls and stores hereditary characteristics, aids in protein synthesis, cell division, growth, and differentiation, and has various components like the nuclear envelope, nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromatin, and nuclear pores.
- The endomembrane system is composed of membranes and organelles that modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins within the cell, including the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vesicles, and cell membranes.
- The ER has two parts: rough ER, covered in ribosomes and responsible for protein production, and smooth ER, which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- Ribosomes are responsible for building proteins and are found throughout the cell.
- The Golgi apparatus processes proteins from the ER, packages them into vesicles, and sends them to the correct locations using small molecules as "postage stamps."
- Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris within the cell.
- Cell membranes separate the cell from its external environment and are composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and carbohydrates.
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Description
Test your knowledge of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, organelles, and the endomembrane system with this quiz. Explore the differences between animal and plant cells, learn about the functions of the nucleus, ER, Golgi apparatus, and more. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the structure and functions of these cellular components.