Cell Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the patient's blood condition due to adrenal sufficiency?

  • Hypovolemic and hypernatremic
  • Hypovolemic and hyponatremic (correct)
  • Hypervolemic and hypernatremic
  • Hypervolemic and hyponatremic

What type of fluid would you give to the patient to treat hypotension?

  • Hypotonic
  • Isotonic (correct)
  • Electrolyte-rich
  • Hypertonic

Where does the transcription process occur in the cell?

  • Cytoplasm
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosome
  • Nucleus (correct)

What is the result of a silent mutation?

<p>No change in the amino acid sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a gene?

<p>The functional unit of heredity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a cause of genetic mutations?

<p>Radiation exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for cyanosis in a lifelong smoker with emphysema?

<p>Impaired gas exchange in the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is an infection more likely to occur after a scrape than when skin is intact?

<p>The skin is exposed to bacteria after a scrape (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the long-term risk to a part of the body with damaged nerve endings?

<p>Difficulty moving the affected part (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a superficial papercut painful without bleeding?

<p>The cut stimulates nerve endings (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for cyanosis in an elderly patient with chronic heart failure?

<p>Weakened heart pumping blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the small child's skin blue in the cold pool?

<p>Oxygen is not getting properly regulated through the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

<p>To protect underlying structures and act as barriers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland produces hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream?

<p>Endocrine gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of connective tissue?

<p>To provide structural support and connect tissues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which cells secrete substances through exocytosis?

<p>Merocrine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the type of tissue that can conduct electrical signals?

<p>Nervous tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of cells that forms the innermost layer of the embryo?

<p>Endoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tight junctions in epithelial cells?

<p>To form barriers and anchor cells to each other (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the type of fiber that fills spaces between tissues and organs?

<p>Reticular fiber (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of inflammation in response to tissue damage?

<p>Inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cells that release chemicals in response to injury?

<p>Mast cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

<p>Forms outer boundary of cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, packaging, and distributing proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use?

<p>Golgi apparatus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the mitochondria?

<p>Major sites of ATP synthesis when O2 is available (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the centrioles?

<p>Serves as centers for microtubule formation; determine cell polarity during cell division (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus?

<p>Acts as the control center of cell; DNA within the nucleus regulates protein synthesis and chemical reactions of cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the cytoskeleton?

<p>Provides structural support and shape to the cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chemical mediators in injured tissues?

<p>To speed up the arrival of white blood cells and repair chemicals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the capillaries as a result of the release of chemical mediators?

<p>They dilate and become more permeable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased capillary permeability in injured tissues?

<p>Swelling and pain due to the exit of fluid and proteins from capillaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of white blood cells in the process of inflammation?

<p>To phagocytize bacteria and other debris (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between regeneration and replacement in the process of tissue repair?

<p>Regeneration involves the formation of new cells of the same type as those that were destroyed, while replacement involves the formation of new cells of a different type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of the tissue repair process?

<p>The replacement of granulosum tissue with new connective tissue that forms a scar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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