Cell Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

  • Generates energy for the cell
  • Maintains cell shape and structure (correct)
  • Stores genetic information
  • Regulates cell division
  • Which organelle stores genetic information in the cell?

    Nucleus

    Cell signaling involves only reception of signals, without any response.

    False

    The __________ is a network of filaments that provides structural support and shape to the cell.

    <p>cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the stages of mitosis with their descriptions:

    <p>Interphase = Cell grows and prepares for division Prophase = Chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the center of the cell Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate Telophase = Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil Cytokinesis = Cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Functions

    Cell Membrane

    • Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
    • Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
    • Functions:
      • Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
      • Maintains cell shape and structure
      • Provides barrier against external environment

    Organelles

    • Specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
    • Examples:
      • Nucleus: stores genetic information
      • Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell
      • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): synthesizes and transports proteins
      • Ribosomes: synthesizes proteins
      • Lysosomes: breaks down and recycles cellular waste

    Cell Signaling

    • Process by which cells communicate with each other
    • Involves reception, transduction, and response to signals
    • Types of signals:
      • Hormone signaling: uses hormones to transmit signals
      • Neurotransmitter signaling: uses neurotransmitters to transmit signals
      • Direct signaling: involves direct contact between cells

    Cytoskeleton

    • Network of filaments that provides structural support and shape to the cell
    • Composed of:
      • Microtubules: provides structural support and shapes the cell
      • Microfilaments: involved in muscle contraction and cell movement
      • Intermediate filaments: provides mechanical support and stability

    Mitosis

    • Process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
    • Stages:
      1. Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
      2. Prophase: chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down
      3. Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
      4. Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
      5. Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil
      6. Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells

    Cell Structure and Functions

    Cell Membrane

    • Acts as a semi-permeable membrane, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell
    • Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which maintains cell shape and structure
    • Provides a barrier against the external environment

    Organelles

    • Nucleus stores genetic information
    • Mitochondria generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) synthesizes and transports proteins
    • Ribosomes synthesize proteins
    • Lysosomes break down and recycle cellular waste

    Cell Signaling

    • Involves reception, transduction, and response to signals
    • Hormone signaling uses hormones to transmit signals
    • Neurotransmitter signaling uses neurotransmitters to transmit signals
    • Direct signaling involves direct contact between cells

    Cytoskeleton

    • Provides structural support and shape to the cell
    • Composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
    • Microtubules provide structural support and shape the cell
    • Microfilaments are involved in muscle contraction and cell movement
    • Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support and stability

    Mitosis

    • Results in two identical daughter cells
    • Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
    • Prophase: chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down
    • Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
    • Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
    • Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil
    • Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells

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    Description

    Learn about the cell membrane and organelles, including their composition, functions, and importance in cellular processes.

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