5 Questions
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Maintains cell shape and structure
Which organelle stores genetic information in the cell?
Nucleus
Cell signaling involves only reception of signals, without any response.
False
The __________ is a network of filaments that provides structural support and shape to the cell.
cytoskeleton
Match the stages of mitosis with their descriptions:
Interphase = Cell grows and prepares for division Prophase = Chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down Metaphase = Chromosomes align at the center of the cell Anaphase = Sister chromatids separate Telophase = Nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil Cytokinesis = Cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Functions
Cell Membrane
- Semi-permeable membrane that surrounds the cell
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
- Functions:
- Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Maintains cell shape and structure
- Provides barrier against external environment
Organelles
- Specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
- Examples:
- Nucleus: stores genetic information
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): synthesizes and transports proteins
- Ribosomes: synthesizes proteins
- Lysosomes: breaks down and recycles cellular waste
Cell Signaling
- Process by which cells communicate with each other
- Involves reception, transduction, and response to signals
- Types of signals:
- Hormone signaling: uses hormones to transmit signals
- Neurotransmitter signaling: uses neurotransmitters to transmit signals
- Direct signaling: involves direct contact between cells
Cytoskeleton
- Network of filaments that provides structural support and shape to the cell
- Composed of:
- Microtubules: provides structural support and shapes the cell
- Microfilaments: involved in muscle contraction and cell movement
- Intermediate filaments: provides mechanical support and stability
Mitosis
- Process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
- Stages:
- Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
Cell Structure and Functions
Cell Membrane
- Acts as a semi-permeable membrane, regulating the movement of substances in and out of the cell
- Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins, which maintains cell shape and structure
- Provides a barrier against the external environment
Organelles
- Nucleus stores genetic information
- Mitochondria generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) synthesizes and transports proteins
- Ribosomes synthesize proteins
- Lysosomes break down and recycle cellular waste
Cell Signaling
- Involves reception, transduction, and response to signals
- Hormone signaling uses hormones to transmit signals
- Neurotransmitter signaling uses neurotransmitters to transmit signals
- Direct signaling involves direct contact between cells
Cytoskeleton
- Provides structural support and shape to the cell
- Composed of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
- Microtubules provide structural support and shape the cell
- Microfilaments are involved in muscle contraction and cell movement
- Intermediate filaments provide mechanical support and stability
Mitosis
- Results in two identical daughter cells
- Interphase: cell grows and prepares for division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses, and nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase: chromosomes align at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromosomes uncoil
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
Learn about the cell membrane and organelles, including their composition, functions, and importance in cellular processes.
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