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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
What is the term for the process of converting energy and nutrients into cellular components?
What is the term for the process of converting energy and nutrients into cellular components?
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton in a cell?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of lysosomes in a cell?
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?
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What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?
What is the site of protein synthesis in a cell?
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What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
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What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
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What is the process of cell growth and reproduction in cells?
What is the process of cell growth and reproduction in cells?
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Study Notes
Cells
Definition and Structure
- A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
- Consists of:
- Plasma membrane (cell membrane): a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules that separates the cell from its environment
- Cytoplasm: a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes take place
- Nucleus: contains most of the cell's genetic material (DNA)
- Organelles: specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions (e.g. mitochondria, ribosomes)
Cell Membrane
- Semi-permeable: allows certain substances to pass through while keeping others out
- Functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape
- Provides mechanical support
Cellular Organelles
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification
- Golgi Apparatus: processes and packages proteins and lipids for transport out of the cell
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances
- Cytoskeleton: provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell
Cell Types
- Prokaryotic cells: lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g. bacteria)
- Eukaryotic cells: have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g. plants, animals, fungi)
Cellular Processes
- Metabolism: the process of converting energy and nutrients into cellular components
- Cell division: the process of cell growth and reproduction (mitosis, meiosis)
- Cell signaling: the process of communication between cells through signaling molecules
Cells
Definition and Structure
- Cells are the basic structural and functional units of living organisms
- Composed of a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles
- Plasma membrane is a thin layer of lipid and protein molecules separating the cell from its environment
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance inside the cell membrane where metabolic processes occur
- Nucleus contains most of the cell's genetic material (DNA)
- Organelles are specialized structures that perform specific functions
Cell Membrane
- Semi-permeable, allowing certain substances to pass through while keeping others out
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape
- Provides mechanical support
Cellular Organelles
Mitochondria
- Generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
Ribosomes
- Site of protein synthesis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Involved in protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and detoxification
Golgi Apparatus
- Processes and packages proteins and lipids for transport out of the cell
Lysosomes
- Contains digestive enzymes that break down and recycle cellular waste and foreign substances
Cytoskeleton
- Provides structural support, shape, and movement to the cell
Cell Types
Prokaryotic Cells
- Lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- Examples: bacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
- Have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- Examples: plants, animals, fungi
Cellular Processes
Metabolism
- Converts energy and nutrients into cellular components
Cell Division
- Process of cell growth and reproduction (mitosis, meiosis)
Cell Signaling
- Communication between cells through signaling molecules
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Description
Learn about the components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and organelles, and their roles in cellular processes.
