59 Questions
What is the fundamental unit of life?
Cell
What is the function of the resolution in microscopy?
To distinguish two points on a specimen
What does a light microscope use to magnify the image?
Visible light
What is the size of most plant and animal cells?
10 µm
What is the size of the smallest bacteria?
10 nm
What is the function of contrast in microscopy?
To adjust light intensity
What is the length of some nerve and muscle cells?
1 cm
What is the size of the nucleus?
1 µm
What is the size of viruses?
100 nm
What is the size of ribosomes?
10 nm
What is the size of small molecules?
1 nm
What is the function of an electron microscope?
To visualize cells
What are the two types of microscopy used to study cells?
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
Where are prokaryotic cells found?
Bacteria and Archaea domains
What is a basic feature of all cells?
Plasma membrane
Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
Unbound region called the nucleoid
What is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
Contain membrane-bound organelles
What do mitochondria produce?
Energy
What is the process that uses oxygen to break down large molecules into smaller ones?
Respiration
Where is chlorophyll found?
Chloroplasts
What is the site of photosynthesis in plants and algae?
Chloroplasts
What is required for photosynthesis to occur?
Light energy, carbon dioxide, and water
What is the function of the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?
Enclosing the nucleus
What is a characteristic of the inner membrane of mitochondria?
Folded into cristae
True or false: The cell is the most complex collection of matter that can live?
False
True or false: Scientists use microscopes to visualize cells?
True
True or false: Resolution is the ratio of an object’s image size to its real size?
False
True or false: Contrast in microscopy refers to the difference in light intensity between the image and the adjacent background?
True
True or false: The length of some nerve and muscle cells is 10m?
False
True or false: The size of most plant and animal cells is 100µm?
False
True or false: The size of the smallest bacteria is 100nm?
False
True or false: Viruses are larger than ribosomes?
False
True or false: Ribosomes are smaller than mitochondria?
True
True or false: The unaided eye can visualize objects as small as atoms?
False
True or false: The function of the inner membrane of mitochondria is to protect the organelle from damage?
True
True or false: Lipids are larger than small molecules?
False
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, have DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, and lack membrane-bound organelles.
True
Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that partition the cell into organelles.
True
Mitochondria are sites of cellular respiration to generate ATP, while chloroplasts are sites of photosynthesis found in plants and algae.
True
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other molecules for photosynthesis, and their structure includes thylakoids, granum, and stroma.
True
Photosynthesis requires light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.
True
Eukaryotic cells are generally smaller than prokaryotic cells.
False
The nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells does not enclose the nucleus.
False
The inner membrane of mitochondria is smooth and lacks folds.
False
Aerobic respiration does not require oxygen.
False
Eukaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.
False
The plasma membrane is not a basic feature of all cells.
False
Mitochondria do not produce energy.
False
Match the following microscopy terms with their definitions:
Magnification = The ratio of an object’s image size to its real size Resolution = The minimum distance of two distinguishable points on a specimen Contrast = The difference in light intensity between the image and the adjacent background Light Microscope (LM) = Uses visible light to pass through a specimen and then through glass lenses to magnify the image
Match the following cell structures with their sizes:
Human height = 10 m Most plant and animal cells = 100 µm Nucleus = 10 µm Ribosomes = 20 nm
Match the following cell components with their sizes:
Mitochondrion = 1 µm Smallest bacteria = 100 nm Viruses = 100 nm Atoms = 0.1 nm
Match the following statements with the correct descriptions of cells:
Eukaryotic cells = Have internal membranes that partition the cell into organelles Prokaryotic cells = Lack membrane-bound organelles and have DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid Plasma membrane = A basic feature of all cells Chloroplasts = Contain chlorophyll and other molecules for photosynthesis, and their structure includes thylakoids, granum, and stroma
Match the following cell types with their respective domains:
Prokaryotic cells = Bacteria and Archaea domains Eukaryotic cells = Protists, fungi, animals, and plants
Match the following cell components with their descriptions:
Nucleolus = Produces ribosomal RNA Chloroplasts = Sites of photosynthesis found in plants and algae
Match the following cell microscopy with their descriptions:
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) = Used to study cell surface structures Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) = Used to study internal cell structures
Match the following cell features with their descriptions:
Plasma membrane = Outer boundary of the cell Cytosol = Intracellular fluid
Match the following cell processes with their descriptions:
Respiration = Uses oxygen to break down large molecules Photosynthesis = Requires light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen
Match the following organelles with their functions:
Mitochondria = Sites of cellular respiration to generate ATP Nuclear envelope = Encloses the nucleus
Match the following organelle structures with their descriptions:
Mitochondria = Smooth outer membrane, inner membrane folded into cristae Chloroplasts = Contain thylakoids, granum, and stroma
Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- There are two types of microscopy used to study cells: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two types of cells, with prokaryotic cells found in Bacteria and Archaea domains, and eukaryotic cells found in Protists, fungi, animals, and plants.
- Basic features of all cells include plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, have DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, and lack membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleus bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope, contain membrane-bound organelles, and are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that partition the cell into organelles.
- Organelles in eukaryotic cells have specific functions, such as the nuclear envelope enclosing the nucleus, the nucleolus producing ribosomal RNA, and the mitochondrion producing energy.
- Mitochondria are sites of cellular respiration to generate ATP, while chloroplasts are sites of photosynthesis found in plants and algae.
- Mitochondria have a smooth outer membrane, an inner membrane folded into cristae, and create compartments for energy synthesis.
- Respiration is the process that uses oxygen to break down large molecules into smaller ones, with two types: aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen).
- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other molecules for photosynthesis, and their structure includes thylakoids, granum, and stroma.
- Photosynthesis requires light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.
Cell Structure and Function
- There are two types of microscopy used to study cells: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two types of cells, with prokaryotic cells found in Bacteria and Archaea domains, and eukaryotic cells found in Protists, fungi, animals, and plants.
- Basic features of all cells include plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, have DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, and lack membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleus bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope, contain membrane-bound organelles, and are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that partition the cell into organelles.
- Organelles in eukaryotic cells have specific functions, such as the nuclear envelope enclosing the nucleus, the nucleolus producing ribosomal RNA, and the mitochondrion producing energy.
- Mitochondria are sites of cellular respiration to generate ATP, while chloroplasts are sites of photosynthesis found in plants and algae.
- Mitochondria have a smooth outer membrane, an inner membrane folded into cristae, and create compartments for energy synthesis.
- Respiration is the process that uses oxygen to break down large molecules into smaller ones, with two types: aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen).
- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other molecules for photosynthesis, and their structure includes thylakoids, granum, and stroma.
- Photosynthesis requires light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.
Cell Structure and Function
- There are two types of microscopy used to study cells: Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
- Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the two types of cells, with prokaryotic cells found in Bacteria and Archaea domains, and eukaryotic cells found in Protists, fungi, animals, and plants.
- Basic features of all cells include plasma membrane, cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes.
- Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, have DNA in an unbound region called the nucleoid, and lack membrane-bound organelles.
- Eukaryotic cells have DNA in a nucleus bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope, contain membrane-bound organelles, and are generally larger than prokaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that partition the cell into organelles.
- Organelles in eukaryotic cells have specific functions, such as the nuclear envelope enclosing the nucleus, the nucleolus producing ribosomal RNA, and the mitochondrion producing energy.
- Mitochondria are sites of cellular respiration to generate ATP, while chloroplasts are sites of photosynthesis found in plants and algae.
- Mitochondria have a smooth outer membrane, an inner membrane folded into cristae, and create compartments for energy synthesis.
- Respiration is the process that uses oxygen to break down large molecules into smaller ones, with two types: aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen).
- Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and other molecules for photosynthesis, and their structure includes thylakoids, granum, and stroma.
- Photosynthesis requires light energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce sugars and oxygen.
Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with this quiz. Explore the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, learn about organelles and their functions, and dive into the processes of cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Perfect for biology enthusiasts and students alike!
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