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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the main function of the nucleus in a cell?
The vacuole in a cell is responsible for photosynthesis.
The vacuole in a cell is responsible for photosynthesis.
False
What organelle contains enzymes for aerobic respiration?
What organelle contains enzymes for aerobic respiration?
mitochondria
The pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light is called ______.
The pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light is called ______.
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Match the sub-cellular components to their functions:
Match the sub-cellular components to their functions:
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Which sub-cellular structure is responsible for energy release within cells?
Which sub-cellular structure is responsible for energy release within cells?
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When using a light microscope, you should always start with the highest magnification.
When using a light microscope, you should always start with the highest magnification.
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What is the smallest unit of a living organism?
What is the smallest unit of a living organism?
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What is the primary function of the cell wall?
What is the primary function of the cell wall?
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The cytoplasm is primarily responsible for controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
The cytoplasm is primarily responsible for controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell.
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What type of tissue consists of a group of cells of the same type?
What type of tissue consists of a group of cells of the same type?
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The _____ is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
The _____ is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
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Match the following cell components with their functions:
Match the following cell components with their functions:
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Which system is primarily involved in reproductive functions?
Which system is primarily involved in reproductive functions?
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The foetus develops in the cell membrane.
The foetus develops in the cell membrane.
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What supports and moves the body by working together?
What supports and moves the body by working together?
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Which of the following structures is NOT found in a bacterial cell?
Which of the following structures is NOT found in a bacterial cell?
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Chloroplasts are present in animal cells.
Chloroplasts are present in animal cells.
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What structure is responsible for providing support and protection in plant cells?
What structure is responsible for providing support and protection in plant cells?
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The __________ organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
The __________ organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell.
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Match the sub-cellular structures to their corresponding cell types:
Match the sub-cellular structures to their corresponding cell types:
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Which component is NOT part of a light microscope?
Which component is NOT part of a light microscope?
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Bacterial cells have a cell wall.
Bacterial cells have a cell wall.
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
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The __________ is the control center of the cell.
The __________ is the control center of the cell.
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Match each structure with its function:
Match each structure with its function:
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- Animal Cells: Contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, and mitochondria.
- Plant Cells: Contain a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, chloroplasts, a cell wall, and a permanent vacuole.
- Bacterial Cells: Contain cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a cell wall, and circular DNA (not a nucleus). They may also have flagella for movement.
Subcellular Structures
- Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA).
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place.
- Cell Membrane: Controls what enters and leaves the cell.
- Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy.
- Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis.
- Cell Wall (Plant Cells): Provides support and strength.
- Permanent Vacuole (Plant Cells): Filled with cell sap, maintaining cell turgidity.
- Circular DNA (Bacterial Cells): Genetic material found free in the cytoplasm.
- Plasmids (Bacterial Cells): Small rings of DNA containing specific genes.
- Flagellum (Bacterial Cells): Tail-like structure for movement.
Cell Function Differences
- Different cells have varying structures depending on their function.
- Structures are tailored to perform specific jobs within an organism.
Levels of Organisation
- Cell: Smallest unit of life, containing structures for life processes.
- Tissue: Group of similar cells working together.
- Organ: Group of different tissues working together for a specific job.
- Organ System: Group of organs working together to perform a particular function.
Light Microscope Use
- Procedure: Turn on the light, place the slide, use the lowest magnification objective, focus with coarse and fine adjustments.
- Function: Microscopes magnify small objects to see details not seen with the naked eye.
Specialized Cells
- Root Hair Cells: Adapted for absorbing water and minerals from the soil.
- Palisade Cells: Contain many chloroplasts to carry out photosynthesis.
- Sperm Cells: Mobile for fertilization, with a tail (flagellum) and mitochondria.
- Muscle Cells: Adapted for contraction, containing proteins.
- Nerve Cells: Long fibres to transmit nerve impulses.
- Ciliated Cells: Cilia for moving mucus.
- Red Blood Cells: Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen; biconcave shape for greater surface area.
- White Blood Cells: Crucial for immunity; flexible shape. Some engulf pathogens.
- Egg Cells: Contain nutrients for developing embryo. Their membrane prevents multiple sperm entry.
Skeleton Functions
- Support: Holds the body upright and supports organs.
- Protection: Protects vital organs like the brain and heart.
- Movement: Works with muscles to allow for body movement.
- Blood Cell Production: Some bones produce red and white blood cells.
Joints
- Types: Hinge joints (e.g., elbow, knee); ball and socket joints (e.g., shoulder, hip).
- Role: Allow and restrict types of body movement within the skeletal system.
- Cartilage: Smooth tissue covering bones to reduce friction.
- Fluid: Lubricates the joint to reduce friction.
- Ligaments: Connect bones at joints, providing stability.
Muscles
- Function: Muscles pull, not push, to produce movement along with the skeletal system.
- Antagonistic Muscles: Pairs of muscles that work together to produce movement.
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Description
Test your understanding of the various types of cells, including animal, plant, and bacterial cells. This quiz covers their structures, functions, and the specific organelles involved in cellular processes. Assess your knowledge on each component's role within the cell.
