Cells and Organisation Knowledge Organiser PDF

KS3 Cells and Organisation Knowledge Organiser Different cell types contain different Parts of a Light Microscope...

KS3 Cells and Organisation Knowledge Organiser Different cell types contain different Parts of a Light Microscope sub-cellular structures. Animal Cell Plant Cell Bacterial Cell eyepiece lens Sub-Cellular Animal Bacterial chloroplast Plant Cell Structure Cell Cell nucleus objective cytoplasm plasmid nucleus    arm lens cell membrane cell membrane circular DNA circular DNA    stage clips stage mitochondria coarse cell wall mitochondria    light adjustment knob flagellum source cytoplasm chloroplasts    fine base permanent vacuole adjustment knob cell wall    Using a Light Microscope cell membrane    The components of a cell each have different functions. Plug in the microscope and turn on the light. cytoplasm    Place the slide on the stage and hold it in place with the stage clips. flagellum    Turn to the objective lens with the lowest Sub-Cellular Structure Function permanent magnification.    nucleus Controls the activities of the cell. It contains genetic material (DNA), which is vacuole Look down the eyepiece lens and use the adjustment packaged into structures called chromosomes. plasmids    knobs to focus the specimen. circular DNA The DNA of bacteria found free in the cytoplasm. Increase the magnification by turning to a higher power objective lens, then use the fine adjustment Levels of Organisation knob to bring the cells back into focus. mitochondria Contain the enzymes needed for aerobic respiration, which releases energy for the cell. Organ System Functions chloroplasts Contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which absorbs light to provide energy for A cell is the smallest unit of a living photosynthesis. organism. It contains structures Organ System Function needed to carry out life processes. cell wall Helps to strengthen the cell and provides support for the plant. Muscles and bones working musculoskeletal together support and move the system A tissue is a group of cells of the body. cell membrane Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell. same type. Produces sperm (males) and reproductive eggs (females). In females, this system cytoplasm A jelly-like substance that fills the cell, where most chemical reactions occur. is where the foetus develops. An organ is a group of different Takes in oxygen from the air tissues working together to carry respiratory system and removes carbon dioxide flagellum A tail-like structure that allows bacteria to move around. from blood. out a job. Protects the body against immune system permanent vacuole Filled with cell sap to keep the cell rigid to support the plant. infections. Breaks down and absorbs food An organ system is a group of digestive system molecules. plasmids Plasmids are small rings of DNA that code for specific features, such as antibiotic different organs working together Transports substances around resistance. to perform a particular function. circulatory system the body. 1 of 2  KS3 Cells and Organisation Knowledge Organiser Specialised Cells The Skeleton Joints Each function carried out by the organism is performed by different cells. Each type of cell has slightly different The skeleton has several functions: Joints are found where bones meet. Sometimes these features. joints are fixed but most joints are flexible to allow the Support – The skeleton provides a frame to hold your body to move. Name Diagram Functions Adaptions body upright and keep your organs in place. A hinge joint allows backwards and root hair cell To absorb water and Long protrusion fits between grains of soil forwards movements. Knees and elbows minerals from the soil. and provides a large surface area for the Protection - Bones are hard and strong to protect are hinge joints. absorption of water and minerals into the important organs such as the heart and the brain. cell. Movement - Your bones and muscles work together to A ball and socket joint allows palisade cell To carry out Lots of chloroplasts to absorb light energy photosynthesis and for photosynthesis. Its tall, long shape allow your body to move. movement in all directions. Shoulders make food for the gives the cell a large surface area to and hips are ball and socket joints. plant. maximise the absorption of light. Making blood cells – Some bones contain a soft tissue called bone marrow. Red blood cells and white blood sperm cell To travel to and fuse Long tail for movement to the egg and lots cells are made in the bone marrow. with an egg cell for of mitochondria to release energy to allow fertilisation. the sperm to move. Cartilage is a strong, smooth The adult body contains around 206 bones. Some are tissue that covers the ends of the bones to protect them muscle cell To help the body to Contains bands of protein that change shown below: from damage. move. shape to contract and relax the muscle. Lots of mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction. mandible (lower jaw) cranium nerve cell To carry nerve impulses Long fibres carry electrical impulses (skull) Fluid in the joints keeps the around the body. up and down the body and branching Ligaments hold the dendrites at each end connect to other cartilage slippery to reduce bones together. nerves or muscles. friction. scapula calvicle (shoulder blade) (collarbone) Muscles ciliated To move mucus away Tiny hairs called cilia to help waft mucus sternum epithelial cell from the lungs. along the airways. Lots of mitochondria humerus (breastbone) Muscles can’t push, they can only pull. release energy for the cilia to move. vertebrae (spine) ribs A pair of muscles that work together are called red blood cell To transport oxygen Biconcave shape increases the surface pelvis radius antagonistic muscles. around the body. area for the diffusion of oxygen. No ulna nucleus so that there is more room contracting carpals relaxed for haemoglobin, which binds oxygen (wrist bones) molecules. femur white blood To fight pathogens Some can change shape to squeeze out of (thigh bone) cell which cause disease. blood vessels and engulf pathogens. Some patella can produce antibodies or antitoxins. (kneecap) fibula egg cell To be fertilised by the The cytoplasm contains nutrients for tibia sperm cell. the developing embryo. The membrane talus contracting changes after fertilisation to stop any (ankle bone) more sperm getting in. This combination of muscles, bones and joints making our bodies move is called biomechanics. 2 of 2