Cell Structure and Function Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of cells lack a nucleus and membrane-delimited organelles?

  • Eukaryotic cells
  • Bacterial cells
  • Prokaryotic cells (correct)
  • Animal cells

    • What was the old idea that living organisms could be generated from non-living matter called?

  • Spontaneous generation (correct)
  • Non-cellular origin theory
  • Cell generation theory
  • Biogenesis

    • What did early microscopes identify as cellular compartments?

  • Nucleic bodies
  • Cellular matrices
  • Cellulae (correct)
  • Microcellular structures

    • Which type of reasoning is exemplified by the Cell Theory?

    <p>Inductive reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the universal significance of cells in biology, as per the Cell Theory?

    <p>The cell is the basic living unit of organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provided increasingly detailed cell views in the 1950s?

    <p>Electron microscopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a mostly unicellular organism?

    <p>Protists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the idea that many organisms could be generated without parental organisms?

    <p>Spontaneous generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds all cells?

    <p>A membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did microscopes reveal about the fundamental role of cells in biology?

    <p>Microscopes revealed the fundamental role of cells in biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does photosynthesis occur in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles are not part of the endomembrane system?

    <p>Mitochondria, peroxisomes, chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

    <p>Provides mechanical support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Cytosol, rough ER, mitochondria, chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Provides mechanical support and facilitates cell motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelles have their own DNA and ribosomes?

    <p>Mitochondria, chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of microtubules in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Play a role in motility through cilia and flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does collagen, a protein found in animals, make up approximately 40% of all proteins?

    <p>Extracellular matrix (ECM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nuclear envelope's function in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Has pores and allows traffic of molecules through the pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell has a nucleus and is compartmentalized?

    <p>Eukaryotic cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site for synthesizing membranes within the endomembrane system?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle modifies, packages, and transports lipids and proteins?

    <p>Endomembrane system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the majority of DNA in a cell contained?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is thought to have evolved from the other?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Constructing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

    <p>Controlling movement of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the water-based gel-like fluid that surrounds organelles in a cell called?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells have membrane-delimited subcellular organelles?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle has main functions of protein modification and sorting?

    <p>Golgi bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two broad classes of cells and their defining characteristics?

    <p>Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-delimited organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-delimited organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the significance of the development of microscopes in understanding the fundamental role of cells in biology.

    <p>Microscopes, particularly electron microscopes, provided increasingly detailed views of cells, leading to the identification of cellular compartments and the realization of the universal significance of cells in biology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the three generalizations made by scientists in the development of the Cell Theory.

    <p>The generalizations are: 1) All organisms are composed of 1 or more cells, 2) The cell is the basic living unit of organization, and 3) All cells arise from pre-existing cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main functions of the Golgi bodies within the cell?

    <p>The main functions of the Golgi bodies include protein modification and sorting, with a receiving and shipping side for proteins synthesized on the rough ER.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of the endoplasmic reticulum within the endomembrane system and its involvement in diverse functions.

    <p>The endoplasmic reticulum serves as the primary site for synthesizing membranes within the endomembrane system and is involved in diverse functions, such as detoxification in liver cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the structure and function of the nucleus, including its composition and the presence of protein-lined pores.

    <p>The nucleus is delimited by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, contains the majority of DNA in a cell, and has protein-lined pores for molecular traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the main functions of the endomembrane system and provide examples of its components.

    <p>The endomembrane system involves membrane flow between components such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells, including their unique features.

    <p>Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism and have their own DNA and ribosomes. Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in eukaryotes and also contain their own DNA and ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the significance and functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells, including its composition and major components.

    <p>The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a thin outer layer present on animal cells, consisting of a network of proteins and carbohydrates. Collagen, a protein found in animals, makes up approximately 40% of all proteins and forms a network with glycoproteins in the ECM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elaborate on the role of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells, highlighting their distribution and functions.

    <p>Ribosomes are protein-building machines, found in the cytosol, rough ER, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. They play a crucial role in protein synthesis and cellular function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • All cells contain DNA, the genetic material that carries information for the structure and function of an organism.
    • There are two fundamentally different types of cells: eukaryotic and prokaryotic, with eukaryotic cells having a nucleus and being compartmentalized.
    • Cells are considered the fundamental unit of biological organization and are capable of performing all activities of life.
    • Prokaryotic cells have been around longer than eukaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells are thought to have evolved from prokaryotic cells.
    • Eukaryotes, which include protists, plants, fungi, and animals, have membrane-delimited subcellular organelles, while prokaryotes do not.
    • The plasma membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, and some organelles have a double membrane, such as the nucleus.
    • Cytosol is the water-based gel-like fluid that surrounds organelles, while cytoplasm includes all material inside the plasma membrane except for the nucleus.
    • The nucleus, delimited by a double membrane called the nuclear envelope, contains the majority of DNA in a cell and has protein-lined pores for molecular traffic.
    • Ribosomes, the protein-building machines, are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and use mRNA to construct proteins by following specified amino acid sequences.
    • The endomembrane system, which includes the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, and various small vesicles/vacuoles, modifies, packages, and transports lipids and proteins.
    • The endoplasmic reticulum, a continuous membrane system, serves as the primary site for synthesizing membranes within the endomembrane system and is involved in diverse functions, such as detoxification in liver cells.
    • Golgi bodies, consisting of flattened sacs enclosed by membranes, have main functions of protein modification and sorting, with a receiving and shipping side for proteins synthesized on the rough ER.

    Cell Organelles and Membrane Flow

    • Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-delimited organelles
    • The endomembrane system involves membrane flow between components such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles
    • Not all organelles are part of the endomembrane system, including peroxisomes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
    • Mitochondria play a pivotal role in cellular energy metabolism and have their own DNA and ribosomes
    • Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs in eukaryotes and also contain their own DNA and ribosomes
    • The cytoskeleton is a non-membrane-bound network of fiber-like proteins that provides mechanical support and facilitates cell motility
    • Microtubules play a role in motility through cilia and flagella, which are considered intracellular structures
    • The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a thin outer layer present on animal cells, consisting of a network of proteins and carbohydrates
    • Collagen, a protein found in animals, makes up approximately 40% of all proteins and forms a network with glycoproteins in the ECM
    • Ribosomes are protein-building machines, found in the cytosol, rough ER, mitochondria, and chloroplasts
    • Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized, with different parts specialized for different purposes
    • The nuclear envelope has pores and allows traffic of molecules through the pores

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell structure and function with this quiz. Explore the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, the roles of organelles such as the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi bodies, and the functions of the endomembrane system.

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