Cell Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

  • It digests food and worn-out cell parts.
  • It produces ribosomes.
  • It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. (correct)
  • It captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce glucose.

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

  • They include bacteria.
  • They are typically unicellular.
  • They lack a nucleus.
  • They have membrane-bound organelles. (correct)

    • What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

  • It produces energy for the cell.
  • It provides structural support and helps with cell movement. (correct)
  • It controls the entry and exit of materials from the cell.
  • It stores food, water, and waste.

    • What type of feedback mechanism lowers or ends a response?

    <p>Negative feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of passive transport across the cell membrane?

    <p>Osmosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment?

    <p>Homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a solute and a solvent?

    <p>A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent, while a solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a cell?

    <p>It is always visible to the naked eye. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of cell division in which the nucleus divides?

    <p>Mitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the process of diffusion?

    <p>Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a protein pump in a cell membrane?

    <p>To carry charged atoms or large particles across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient using energy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?

    <p>Interphase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a eukaryotic cell cycle?

    <p>It involves a series of events leading to cell division. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a totipotent cell?

    <p>It is a specialized cell. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

    <p>To produce energy for the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Cell

    The basic unit of structure and function in living things.

    Unicellular Organism

    An organism made of one cell that lacks a nucleus, e.g., bacteria.

    Multicellular Organism

    Organisms made up of more than one cell, e.g., plants and animals.

    Asexual Reproduction

    A process where one cell divides into two cells of the same size.

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    Organelle

    Specialized structure within a cell that performs important functions.

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    Cell Membrane

    Controls the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.

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    Diffusion

    The spread of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

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    Osmosis

    The movement of water across a cell membrane along the concentration gradient without energy.

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    Hypertonic Solution

    More solute outside; cells shrink as water leaves.

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    Hypotonic Solution

    More solute inside; cells swell and might burst.

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    Isotonic Solution

    Equal solute inside and outside; stable cells.

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    Endocytosis

    Cell membrane engulfs material, forming a vesicle.

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    Mitosis

    Process where a cell divides its nucleus for replication.

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    Stem Cell

    Unspecialized cell that can develop into any type of cell.

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    Study Notes

    Cell Structure and Function

    • Cell: Basic unit of structure and function in living things
    • Multicellular Organisms: Composed of more than one cell
    • Unicellular Organism: Single-celled organism (e.g., bacteria)
    • Prokaryotic Cell: Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria)
    • Eukaryotic Cell: Contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles (e.g., plant & animal cells)
    • Asexual Reproduction: Single-celled organisms reproduce by dividing into two identical cells
    • Organelle: Specialized structure performing specific functions within a cell
    • Cell Membrane: Controls entry and exit of substances
    • Cytoskeleton: Network of protein filaments maintaining cell shape and movement
    • Cytoplasm: Jelly-like fluid suspending organelles
    • Nucleolus: Structure inside the nucleus producing ribosomes
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER): Modifies, finishes, and transports proteins
    • Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER): Modifies, finishes, and transports lipids
    • Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins
    • Lysosome: Breaks down food and worn-out cell parts
    • Vacuole: Stores food, water, wastes, and other materials
    • Centrioles: Appear during cell division; help separate chromosomes
    • Cilia/Flagella: Hairlike structures assisting in movement
    • Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration, producing ATP energy
    • Chloroplast: Captures sunlight to produce glucose (photosynthesis)
    • Cell Wall: Rigid carbohydrate layer surrounding plant cells
    • Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment
    • Equilibrium: Balance between continuing processes
    • Stimulus: Signal triggering a response
    • Positive Feedback: Enhances response
    • Negative Feedback: Lowers or stops response

    Cell Membrane and Transport

    • Selective Permeability: Cell membrane allows some substances to pass while blocking others
    • Concentration Gradient: Difference in concentration of a substance between locations
    • Passive Transport: Movement of substances across the membrane down the concentration gradient without energy
    • Diffusion: Movement of a substance from high to low concentration
    • Facilitated Diffusion: Diffusion through a protein channel
    • Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a membrane
    • Active Transport: Movement of substances against the concentration gradient using energy
    • Protein Pumps: Use energy to transport charged atoms or large particles
    • Endocytosis: Cell membrane engulfs material to create a vesicle (entering cell)
    • Exocytosis: Vesicle releases contents outside the cell (exiting cell)

    Cell Reproduction and Development

    • Fertilization: Fusion of egg and sperm to create a new organism
    • Mitosis: Cell division where the nucleus divides
    • Cell Differentiation: Cells become specialized in structure and function
    • Stem Cell: Unspecialized cell able to develop into any cell type
    • Tissue: Group of similar cells performing the same function
    • Organ: Group of tissues working together
    • Organ System: Group of organs working together
    • Cell Cycle: Repeated pattern of growth, DNA replication, and cell division
    • Interphase: Longest phase of the cell cycle
    • Prophase: Chromosomes become visible, nuclear envelope dissolves, spindle forms
    • Metaphase: Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
    • Anaphase: Chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell
    • Telophase: Nuclei reform and the cell begins to split
    • Cytokinesis: Division of the cytoplasm
    • Chromosome: Thread-like structure of DNA containing genes
    • Chromatid: One of two identical sister parts of a duplicated chromosome
    • Centromere: Region connecting sister chromatids
    • Cancer: Uncontrolled cell division leading to tumors

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental components and functions of cells in this quiz. Understand the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as the role of organelles and cell structures. Perfect for students learning about biology and cell theory.

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