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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces four identical daughter cells.
Meiosis is the type of cell division that produces four identical daughter cells.
False
What is the phase of the cell cycle where chromatin condenses and the nuclear envelope breaks down?
What is the phase of the cell cycle where chromatin condenses and the nuclear envelope breaks down?
Prophase
The ______________ is the site of many cellular activities, including metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell signaling.
The ______________ is the site of many cellular activities, including metabolism, protein synthesis, and cell signaling.
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Match the following cell organelles with their functions:
Match the following cell organelles with their functions:
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What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
What is the primary function of the cell membrane?
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The nucleus is responsible for generating energy for the cell.
The nucleus is responsible for generating energy for the cell.
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What is the function of lysosomes?
What is the function of lysosomes?
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During cytokinesis, the ___________ divides, and the cell splits into two daughter cells.
During cytokinesis, the ___________ divides, and the cell splits into two daughter cells.
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Which type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy?
Which type of transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy?
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Match the following cell organelles with their functions:
Match the following cell organelles with their functions:
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- The basic structural and functional unit of life
- Composed of:
- Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
- Cytoplasm
- Genetic material (DNA or RNA)
- Various organelles
Cell Division
- Process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
- Types:
- Mitosis: somatic cells (body cells) divide to produce two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis: reproductive cells (gametes) divide to produce four non-identical daughter cells
- Phases:
- Interphase: cell growth, replication of DNA, and preparation for cell division
- Prophase: chromatin condenses, nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form
- Metaphase: chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
- Anaphase: sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
- Telophase: nuclear envelope reforms, and chromatin uncoils
- Cytokinesis: cytoplasm divides, and cell splits into two daughter cells
Cell Membrane
- Thin, semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell
- Composed of:
- Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads)
- Proteins ( integral and peripheral)
- Cholesterol (stabilizes the membrane)
- Functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Maintains cell shape and structure
- Acts as a barrier against external environment
Cell Organelles
- Specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
- Types:
- Nucleus: contains genetic material (DNA) and controls cell growth and division
- Mitochondria: generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
- Golgi Apparatus: modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- Lysosomes: contains digestive enzymes and breaks down cellular waste and foreign substances
- Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis
Cell Transport
- Movement of molecules and ions across the cell membrane
- Types:
-
Passive Transport:
- Diffusion: movement of molecules from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: movement of water molecules from high to low concentration
- Active Transport: movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy
- Facilitated Diffusion: movement of molecules through transport proteins
- Vesicular Transport: movement of molecules using vesicles (e.g., exocytosis and endocytosis)
-
Passive Transport:
Cell Structure
- Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life
- Composed of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, genetic material, and various organelles
- Plasma membrane is semi-permeable, regulating what enters and leaves the cell
- Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance where metabolic processes occur
- Genetic material is made up of DNA or RNA
Cell Division
- Cell division is the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells
- Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, producing two identical daughter cells
- Meiosis occurs in reproductive cells, producing four non-identical daughter cells
- Interphase involves cell growth, DNA replication, and preparation for cell division
- Prophase involves chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, and spindle fiber formation
- Metaphase involves chromosomal alignment at the center of the cell
- Anaphase involves sister chromatid separation and movement to opposite poles
- Telophase involves nuclear envelope reformation and chromatin uncoiling
- Cytokinesis involves cytoplasmic division and cell splitting into two daughter cells
Cell Membrane
- Cell membrane is a thin, semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell
- Composed of phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and cholesterol
- Phospholipid bilayer has hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic heads
- Proteins are integral and peripheral, and cholesterol stabilizes the membrane
- Cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell, maintains cell shape, and acts as a barrier
Cell Organelles
- Cell organelles are specialized structures within the cell that perform specific functions
- Nucleus contains genetic material and controls cell growth and division
- Mitochondria generates energy for the cell through cellular respiration
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) synthesizes and transports proteins and lipids
- Golgi Apparatus modifies and packages proteins and lipids for transport
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and break down cellular waste and foreign substances
- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
Cell Transport
- Cell transport involves the movement of molecules and ions across the cell membrane
- Passive transport involves movement of molecules from high to low concentration
- Diffusion involves the movement of molecules from high to low concentration
- Osmosis involves the movement of water molecules from high to low concentration
- Active transport involves movement of molecules against their concentration gradient using energy
- Facilitated diffusion involves movement of molecules through transport proteins
- Vesicular transport involves movement of molecules using vesicles, such as exocytosis and endocytosis
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Description
Learn about the basic structure and function of cells, including cell membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles. Understand the process of cell division, including mitosis and meiosis.
