Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cellular component is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins?
Which cellular component is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins?
During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
During which stage of mitosis do the sister chromatids separate?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?
Which type of cell division results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
Which type of cell division results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell?
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What is the typical range of cell sizes in diameter?
What is the typical range of cell sizes in diameter?
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What is the main function of the stroma in photosynthesis?
What is the main function of the stroma in photosynthesis?
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During cytokinesis, what is the primary mechanism of cell division?
During cytokinesis, what is the primary mechanism of cell division?
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Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for its selective permeability?
Which component of the cell membrane is responsible for its selective permeability?
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What is the primary purpose of mitosis in somatic cells?
What is the primary purpose of mitosis in somatic cells?
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In photosynthesis, what is the byproduct of the light-dependent reactions?
In photosynthesis, what is the byproduct of the light-dependent reactions?
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What is the primary function of the thylakoid membrane in photosynthesis?
What is the primary function of the thylakoid membrane in photosynthesis?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
-
Cellular Components:
- Plasma membrane (cell membrane)
- Cytoplasm
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- Ribosomes
- Lysosomes
- Golgi apparatus
-
Cell Shapes:
- Spherical
- Elongated
- Irregular
- Cuboidal
-
Cell Size:
- Typically ranges from 1-100 μm in diameter
Cell Division
-
Types of Cell Division:
-
Mitosis:
- Produces 2 daughter cells with same number of chromosomes as parent cell
- Occurs in somatic cells
-
Meiosis:
- Produces 4 daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as parent cell
- Occurs in reproductive cells
-
Mitosis:
-
Stages of Mitosis:
-
Interphase:
- Cell grows and prepares for division
-
Prophase:
- Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes
- Nuclear envelope breaks down
-
Metaphase:
- Chromosomes align at the center of the cell
-
Anaphase:
- Sister chromatids separate
-
Telophase:
- Nuclear envelope reforms
-
Cytokinesis:
- Cytoplasm divides and cell splits
-
Interphase:
Photosynthesis
- Overall Equation: 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
-
Light-Dependent Reactions:
- Occur in thylakoid membranes
- Light energy is absorbed and converted into ATP and NADPH
-
Light-Independent Reactions (Calvin Cycle):
- Occur in stroma
- ATP and NADPH are used to convert CO2 into glucose
Cell Membrane
-
Functions:
- Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
- Provides structural support
- Maintains cell shape
- Allows for cell signaling
-
Components:
- Phospholipid bilayer
- Proteins
- Cholesterol
-
Selective Permeability:
- Allows certain molecules to pass through while keeping others out
Mitosis
-
Purpose:
- Allows for growth and repair of tissues
- Maintains genetic integrity
-
Characteristics:
- Produces 2 daughter cells with same number of chromosomes as parent cell
- Occurs in somatic cells
- Involves 4 stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Cell Structure
- Cellular components include plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, lysosomes, and Golgi apparatus
- Cell shapes can be spherical, elongated, irregular, or cuboidal
- Cell size typically ranges from 1-100 μm in diameter
Cell Division
- Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and occurs in somatic cells
- Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell and occurs in reproductive cells
- Interphase is the stage of mitosis where the cell grows and prepares for division
- Prophase is the stage of mitosis where chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes and the nuclear envelope breaks down
- Metaphase is the stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the center of the cell
- Anaphase is the stage of mitosis where sister chromatids separate
- Telophase is the stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reforms
- Cytokinesis is the stage of mitosis where the cytoplasm divides and the cell splits
Photosynthesis
- The overall equation for photosynthesis is 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2
- Light-dependent reactions occur in thylakoid membranes and convert light energy into ATP and NADPH
- Light-independent reactions (Calvin Cycle) occur in the stroma and use ATP and NADPH to convert CO2 into glucose
Cell Membrane
- The cell membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell, provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and allows for cell signaling
- The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer, proteins, and cholesterol
- The cell membrane is selectively permeable, allowing certain molecules to pass through while keeping others out
Mitosis
- The purpose of mitosis is to allow for growth and repair of tissues and to maintain genetic integrity
- Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell and occurs in somatic cells
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Description
Learn about the different components of a cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. Understand the different types of cell division, including mitosis and its characteristics.
