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Questions and Answers
Which of the following structures is absent in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary function of centrosomes in animal cells?
Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the cytoplasm?
Identify the characteristic that is exclusive to prokaryotic cells.
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In which organelle are chromosomes located?
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Which type of cells contain ribosomes?
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Which of the following organelles is directly involved in protein synthesis?
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Which of the following cell types can be up to 5 µm in diameter?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure
- Plant cells (like onion cells) have a distinct cell wall and cell membrane as their outer boundary.
- Animal cells (like human cheek cells) have only a cell membrane as their outer boundary.
- Both plant and animal cells have a dense membrane-bound structure called the nucleus, which contains chromosomes and genetic material (DNA).
Cell Types
- Cells with membrane-bound nuclei are called eukaryotic cells.
- Cells without membrane-bound nuclei are called prokaryotic cells.
Cell Components
- Cytoplasm is a semi-fluid material that occupies the volume of the cell and is the main arena of cellular activities.
- Organelles are distinct structures found in eukaryotic cells, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, microbodies, and vacuoles.
- Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound organelles found in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, and are responsible for protein synthesis.
- Centrosome is a non-membrane-bound organelle found in animal cells, involved in cell division.
Cell Variations
- Cells vary greatly in size, shape, and activities.
- Mycoplasmas are the smallest cells, measuring only 0.3 µm in length.
- Bacteria can be 3 to 5 µm in length.
- Nerve cells can be 3 to 5 µm in diameter and have varying shapes, such as thread-like or star-shaped.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Lack membrane-bound organelles.
- Are generally smaller than eukaryotic cells.
- Exhibit a variety of shapes, including cocci, bacilli, and spirilla.
- Organization is simple, despite being the most abundant and diverse organisms.
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Description
Recall the structure of plant and animal cells, including cell walls, cell membranes, and the nucleus. Refresh your knowledge on the components of a cell.
