Cell Signalling Complexity in Cell Biology
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Questions and Answers

What are examples of primary messengers in cell signaling?

  • Enzymes and structural proteins
  • Vitamins and minerals
  • RNA and DNA
  • Hormones, neurotransmitters, cell surface proteins (correct)

Which type of receptors are involved in cell signaling?

  • Cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors (correct)
  • Ribosomal receptors
  • Mitochondrial receptors
  • Nuclear receptors only

What type of molecules act as second messengers in signal transduction?

  • Non-protein molecules (correct)
  • Nucleic acids
  • Protein molecules
  • Lipids and carbohydrates

Which effectors can be involved in fast signal transduction cascades?

<p>Cytoskeletal proteins for cellular movement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the speed of the cellular response in signal transduction?

<p>The type of effectors involved (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are primary messengers of extracellular signals?

<p>Hormones, Local mediators, Neurotransmitters, Cell surface proteins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are involved in cell signaling pathways?

<p>Cell Surface and Intracellular receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are involved in the transduction process of cell signaling?

<p>Proteins interacting through Specific Signalling domains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules can serve as effectors in cellular responses?

<p>Second messengers, Proteins, DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes classic intracellular signaling pathways?

<p>Reception, Transduction, Response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What allows multiple responses to a single signal in signaling pathways?

<p>Divergence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules can transduce and amplify a signal through protein Kinases in cell signaling cascades?

<p>Second messengers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component in cell signaling pathways is primarily protein in nature?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of modular interaction domains found in proteins involved in cell signaling?

<p>SH2, SH3, PTB, and PIP domains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are cell signaling proteins often broadly categorized based on their catalytic activity?

<p>Based on their presence of a catalytic domain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins help relay a signal further downstream in the cell after signal-receptor binding?

<p>Only specific proteins involved in cell signaling cascades (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules can interact with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to transduce a signal in cell signaling?

<p>Second messengers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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