Cell Signalling Complexity in Cell Biology

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What are examples of primary messengers in cell signaling?

Enzymes and structural proteins

Vitamins and minerals

RNA and DNA

Hormones, neurotransmitters, cell surface proteins (correct)

Which type of receptors are involved in cell signaling?

Cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors (correct)

Ribosomal receptors

Mitochondrial receptors

Nuclear receptors only

What type of molecules act as second messengers in signal transduction?

Non-protein molecules (correct)

Nucleic acids

Protein molecules

Lipids and carbohydrates

Which effectors can be involved in fast signal transduction cascades?

Cytoskeletal proteins for cellular movement Signup and view all the answers

What determines the speed of the cellular response in signal transduction?

The type of effectors involved Signup and view all the answers

What are primary messengers of extracellular signals?

Hormones, Local mediators, Neurotransmitters, Cell surface proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptors are involved in cell signaling pathways?

Cell Surface and Intracellular receptors Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules are involved in the transduction process of cell signaling?

Proteins interacting through Specific Signalling domains Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules can serve as effectors in cellular responses?

Second messengers, Proteins, DNA Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes classic intracellular signaling pathways?

Reception, Transduction, Response Signup and view all the answers

What allows multiple responses to a single signal in signaling pathways?

Divergence Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecules can transduce and amplify a signal through protein Kinases in cell signaling cascades?

Second messengers Signup and view all the answers

Which component in cell signaling pathways is primarily protein in nature?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of modular interaction domains found in proteins involved in cell signaling?

SH2, SH3, PTB, and PIP domains Signup and view all the answers

How are cell signaling proteins often broadly categorized based on their catalytic activity?

Based on their presence of a catalytic domain Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins help relay a signal further downstream in the cell after signal-receptor binding?

Only specific proteins involved in cell signaling cascades Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules can interact with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to transduce a signal in cell signaling?