20 Questions
Which type of receptor has a catalytic domain on the cytoplasmic side?
Protein Kinase Receptor
What type of receptors change shape when a ligand binds?
G Protein–Linked Receptor
What type of ligands can diffuse across the membrane to bind with intracellular receptors?
Small or nonpolar
What is the function of ion channel receptors upon binding with acetylcholine?
Allowing Na+ to diffuse into the cell
Signal activation of a specific receptor leads to a cellular response mediated by a:
Signal transduction pathway
What is required for a cell to respond to a signal?
The presence of necessary receptors in the cell
What type of signaling requires direct contact between the signaling and responding cell?
Juxtacrine signaling
What is the role of the membrane in a cell’s response to environmental signals?
It plays a key role in initiating signal transduction pathways
What does allosteric regulation involve in a signal transduction pathway?
Protein shape changes due to molecule binding at a site other than the active site
What is the purpose of a signal transduction pathway?
To lead to a cellular response
What is the enzyme responsible for RNA synthesis during transcription?
RNA polymerase
Which type of RNA polymerase is responsible for the synthesis of mRNA, snRNA, and miRNA in eukaryotic cells?
RNA Pol II
How many subunits make up the core enzyme of prokaryotic RNA polymerase responsible for elongation during transcription?
6
What is the function of the promoter sequence in prokaryotic transcription?
Initiation of transcription
What happens after the synthesis of 10 RNA nucleotides during the elongation phase of prokaryotic transcription?
RNA polymerase dissociates
What is the role of TFIIF in elongation of eukaryotic mRNA?
Assists RNApol II not to dissociate
What is the function of the 5' cap added to pre-mRNA during maturation?
Ribosome binding
What is the significance of the poly-A tail added to the 3' end of mRNA?
Stabilizes mRNA
What are introns and exons in the context of mRNA processing?
Introns are removed during splicing, and exons are present in mature mRNA
What is the role of enhancers in gene regulation?
Tissue-specific activity
Test your knowledge about how cells process information from their environment and respond to signals, including physical stimuli and chemicals. Learn about receptor activation, signal transduction pathways, and cellular responses.
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