Biotech 9- Normal cell v Cancer Cells
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that differentiates cancer cells from normal cells?

  • Loss of contact inhibition
  • Anchorage independent growth
  • Anchorage dependent growth (correct)
  • Increased cell proliferation

    • What is the term used to refer to cells that have characteristics of cancer cells?

  • Metastatic cells
  • Transformed cells (correct)
  • Normal cells
  • Stem cells

    • Which of the following is NOT a basic difference between normal and cancer cells?

  • DNA repair abnormalities
  • Changes in cell differentiation
  • Altered cellular metabolism
  • Angiogenesis (correct)

    • What is the term used to describe the migration and invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissues?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a problem created by cancer stem cells for treating cancer?

    <p>Loss of contact inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most likely reason for the increased risk of cancer with age?

    <p>Increased accumulation of genetic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of tumor progression?

    <p>Cells develop selective advantages and acquire additional mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of genetic changes in tumor cells compared to normal cells?

    <p>Large changes in chromosome number and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of adult stem cells in normal adult tissue?

    <p>Adult stem cells replace dead or damaged cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mutations disrupt the normal balance between stem cells and differentiated cells in cancer tissue?

    <p>Mutations inhibit differentiation of stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is the most common, accounting for approximately 85% of all cancers?

    <p>Carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of basal cell carcinomas of the skin?

    <p>They rarely metastasize</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential characteristic of adenomas?

    <p>They are most often benign</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cancer?

    <p>Somatic mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cancer not more common than it is, despite the high rate of mutation?

    <p>Cancer cells accumulate genetic mutations and become more invasive over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the tumor microenvironment (TME)?

    <p>Red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment?

    <p>They secrete proteolytic enzymes that modify the Extracellular Matrix (ECM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the immune response?

    <p>They inhibit the immune response from immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is a PD-1 inhibitor used in immunotherapy?

    <p>Keytruda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CellSearch Circulating Tumor test?

    <p>To detect small amounts of circulating tumor cells in blood samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells related to cell proliferation?

    <p>Decreased contact inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism allows cancer cells to avoid replicative senescence?

    <p>Activation of telomerase gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the metabolic characteristic of cancer cells known as?

    <p>Warburg effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the formation of new blood vessels by cancer cells?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of cancer cells related to DNA repair?

    <p>Genetic instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in a tumor express markers typically found on the surface of stem cells?

    <p>Cancer stem cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concern regarding the existence of cancer stem cells?

    <p>They are often the more slowly dividing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can mutations in stem cells or TACs lead to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the chance of a tumor cell giving rise to a new tumor in the recipient mouse in the experiments mentioned?

    <p>Less than 1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main resource for reading material mentioned in the text?

    <p>Alberts Molecular Biology of the Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

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