Biotech 9- Normal cell v Cancer Cells

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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that differentiates cancer cells from normal cells?

Loss of contact inhibition
Anchorage independent growth
Anchorage dependent growth (correct)
Increased cell proliferation

What is the term used to refer to cells that have characteristics of cancer cells?

Metastatic cells
Transformed cells (correct)
Normal cells
Stem cells

Which of the following is NOT a basic difference between normal and cancer cells?

DNA repair abnormalities
Changes in cell differentiation
Altered cellular metabolism
Angiogenesis (correct)

What is the term used to describe the migration and invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissues?

Metastasis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a problem created by cancer stem cells for treating cancer?

Loss of contact inhibition (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most likely reason for the increased risk of cancer with age?

Increased accumulation of genetic mutations (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of tumor progression?

Cells develop selective advantages and acquire additional mutations (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of genetic changes in tumor cells compared to normal cells?

Large changes in chromosome number and structure (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of adult stem cells in normal adult tissue?

Adult stem cells replace dead or damaged cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do mutations disrupt the normal balance between stem cells and differentiated cells in cancer tissue?

Mutations inhibit differentiation of stem cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cancer is the most common, accounting for approximately 85% of all cancers?

Carcinoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of basal cell carcinomas of the skin?

They rarely metastasize (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential characteristic of adenomas?

They are most often benign (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cancer?

Somatic mutations (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is cancer not more common than it is, despite the high rate of mutation?

Cancer cells accumulate genetic mutations and become more invasive over time (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the tumor microenvironment (TME)?

Red blood cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment?

They secrete proteolytic enzymes that modify the Extracellular Matrix (ECM) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the immune response?

They inhibit the immune response from immune cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is a PD-1 inhibitor used in immunotherapy?

Keytruda (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CellSearch Circulating Tumor test?

To detect small amounts of circulating tumor cells in blood samples (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells related to cell proliferation?

Decreased contact inhibition (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism allows cancer cells to avoid replicative senescence?

Activation of telomerase gene (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the metabolic characteristic of cancer cells known as?

Warburg effect (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the formation of new blood vessels by cancer cells?

Angiogenesis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the characteristics of cancer cells related to DNA repair?

Genetic instability (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in a tumor express markers typically found on the surface of stem cells?

Cancer stem cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the concern regarding the existence of cancer stem cells?

They are often the more slowly dividing cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

What can mutations in stem cells or TACs lead to?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What was the chance of a tumor cell giving rise to a new tumor in the recipient mouse in the experiments mentioned?

Less than 1% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main resource for reading material mentioned in the text?

Alberts Molecular Biology of the Cell (A) Signup and view all the answers