Cell Respiration and Energy Production

Study Notes

Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts
It involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell

Glycolysis: the first stage of respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is converted into pyruvate
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle): the second stage, occurring in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and FADH2
Electron Transport Chain: the third stage, occurring in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where NADH and FADH2 are used to generate ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation: the process by which the energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to generate ATP

Aerobic Respiration: occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 36-38 ATP molecules
Anaerobic Respiration: occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules
Fermentation: a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts

Energy Production: respiration is the primary mechanism by which cells generate energy
Cellular Processes: respiration provides energy for various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and biosynthesis
Cellular Maintenance: respiration helps maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity

Respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
It involves the breakdown of glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell.

Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm, where glucose is converted into pyruvate.
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) is the second stage, occurring in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and FADH2.
Electron Transport Chain is the third stage, occurring in the mitochondrial inner membrane, where NADH and FADH2 are used to generate ATP.
Oxidative Phosphorylation is the process by which the energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to generate ATP.

Aerobic Respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 36-38 ATP molecules.
Anaerobic Respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.
Fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid or ethanol and carbon dioxide as byproducts.

Energy Production: respiration is the primary mechanism by which cells generate energy.
Cellular Processes: respiration provides energy for various cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulses, and biosynthesis.
Cellular Maintenance: respiration helps maintain cellular homeostasis and integrity.