Cell Physiology: Structure and Functions of Membranes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

  • Storing genetic material
  • Producing energy for the cell
  • Regulating the intracellular environment (correct)
  • Synthesizing proteins

    • Which molecule is present in the plasma membrane in addition to phospholipids?

  • Proteins
  • DNA
  • Glucose
  • Cholesterol (correct)

    • What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

  • Head (correct)
  • Charged part
  • Non-polar part
  • Tail

    • Which structure provides channels that allow the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?

    <p>Membrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central water-repelling layer in the phospholipid bilayer called?

    <p>Hydrophobic tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Control the selective entry and exit of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor determines the membrane's permeability?

    <p>Particle size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of membrane proteins?

    <p>Act as 'self' markers and receptors for hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>Passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest organelle in the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are some substances able to pass through tiny pores between it and the cytoplasm?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis from amino acids, using RNA as the template?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins move from after synthesis to be 'packaged' into membrane-bound vesicles?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for storing and moving membrane-bound vesicles to the plasma membrane for exocytosis?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is present in the plasma membrane in addition to phospholipids?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

    <p>Synthesis and assembly of ribosome components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of membrane proteins?

    <p>Facilitating transport across the membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins move from after synthesis to be 'packaged' into membrane-bound vesicles?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

    <p>Phosphate head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in protein synthesis from amino acids, using RNA as the template?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are some substances able to pass through tiny pores between it and the cytoplasm?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Controlling the entry and exit of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

    <p>Phosphate head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>Passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the largest organelle in the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central water-repelling layer in the phospholipid bilayer called?

    <p>Hydrophobic tails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>The movement of substances down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is responsible for engulfing large particles through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and subsequently digesting them?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Processing and packaging of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of membrane proteins?

    <p>Substance transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

    <p>Phosphate head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

    <p>Passive transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a non-dividing cell, what is the genetic material present as?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and steroid hormones, and is associated with the detoxification of some drugs?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell into smaller particles?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

    <p>Phosphate head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osmosis?

    <p>Passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and steroid hormones, and is associated with the detoxification of some drugs?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a non-dividing cell, where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

    <p>Head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Regulating passage of substances into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins move from after synthesis to be 'packaged' into membrane-bound vesicles?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.

    • The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.

    • Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.

    • Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

    • Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.

    • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.

    • Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.

    • Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

    • All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.

    • The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.

    • The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.

    • Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.

    • Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

    • Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.

    • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.

    • Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.

    • Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

    • All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.

    • The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.

    • The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.

    • Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.

    • Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

    • Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.

    • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.

    • Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.

    • Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

    • All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.

    • The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.

    • The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.

    • Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.

    • Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.

    • Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.

    • Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.

    • Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.

    • Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.

    • All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.

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    Test your knowledge of cell physiology with a focus on the structure and functions of membranes. This quiz covers topics such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, nucleus, chromatin, nucleolus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and mitochondria.

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