Cell Physiology: Structure and Functions of Membranes

94 Questions

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Regulating the intracellular environment

Which molecule is present in the plasma membrane in addition to phospholipids?

Cholesterol

What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Head

Which structure provides channels that allow the passage of electrolytes and non-lipid soluble substances across the plasma membrane?

Membrane proteins

What is the central water-repelling layer in the phospholipid bilayer called?

Hydrophobic tails

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Control the selective entry and exit of substances

Which factor determines the membrane's permeability?

Particle size

What is the main function of membrane proteins?

Act as 'self' markers and receptors for hormones

What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

Passive transport

What is osmosis?

Passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane

Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

Active transport

Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

Mitochondria

What is the largest organelle in the cell?

Nucleus

Which organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

Nucleus

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle contains enzymes involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell?

Lysosomes

What is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Golgi apparatus

Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

Nucleus

Where are some substances able to pass through tiny pores between it and the cytoplasm?

Nucleus

Which organelle is involved in protein synthesis from amino acids, using RNA as the template?

Ribosomes

Where do proteins move from after synthesis to be 'packaged' into membrane-bound vesicles?

Golgi apparatus

Which organelle is responsible for storing and moving membrane-bound vesicles to the plasma membrane for exocytosis?

Golgi apparatus

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Controlling the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

Chromatin

What is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Golgi apparatus

Which molecule is present in the plasma membrane in addition to phospholipids?

Cholesterol

What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

Synthesis and assembly of ribosome components

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

Golgi apparatus

What is the main function of membrane proteins?

Facilitating transport across the membrane

Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

Active transport

Where do proteins move from after synthesis to be 'packaged' into membrane-bound vesicles?

Golgi apparatus

What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Phosphate head

What organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Golgi apparatus

What is involved in protein synthesis from amino acids, using RNA as the template?

Ribosomes

Where are some substances able to pass through tiny pores between it and the cytoplasm?

Nucleus

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Controlling the entry and exit of substances

Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

Nucleus

What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

Facilitated diffusion

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Phosphate head

Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Golgi apparatus

What is osmosis?

Passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

Mitochondria

What is the largest organelle in the cell?

Nucleus

What is the central water-repelling layer in the phospholipid bilayer called?

Hydrophobic tails

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Regulating the passage of substances into and out of the cell

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

What organelle is involved in the detoxification of some drugs and synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What is osmosis?

The movement of substances down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy

What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Head

Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Golgi apparatus

Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

Active transport

What organelle is responsible for engulfing large particles through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and subsequently digesting them?

Lysosomes

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Processing and packaging of proteins

Which organelle is described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Mitochondria

Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

Nucleus

What is the main function of membrane proteins?

Substance transport

What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Phosphate head

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Golgi apparatus

What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

Passive transport

Which organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

Nucleolus

In a non-dividing cell, what is the genetic material present as?

Chromatin

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

Nucleolus

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and steroid hormones, and is associated with the detoxification of some drugs?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?

Mitochondria

What type of transport involves substances moving down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy?

Diffusion

Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

Chromatin

What is involved in breaking down fragments of organelles and large molecules inside the cell into smaller particles?

Lysosomes

Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Golgi apparatus

What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Phosphate head

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

Active transport

Where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present in a non-dividing cell?

Nucleus

What organelle is described as the 'powerhouse' of the cell?

Mitochondria

What is osmosis?

Passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

Nucleolus

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and steroid hormones, and is associated with the detoxification of some drugs?

Endoplasmic reticulum

In a non-dividing cell, where is the genetic material, in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), present?

Chromatin

Which organelle consists of stacks of closely folded flattened membranous sacs?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins with ribosomes attached to its surface?

Golgi apparatus

What part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

Head

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

Regulating passage of substances into and out of the cell

Where do proteins move from after synthesis to be 'packaged' into membrane-bound vesicles?

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Which type of transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP)?

Active transport

Study Notes

The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.
The plasma membrane encases each cell and controls the selective entry and exit of substances, maintaining the internal environment's chemical composition.
The membrane's permeability depends on particle size; small molecules can diffuse through, while larger ones are confined to interstitial or intracellular fluids.
Membrane proteins function in various roles, including acting as 'self' markers, receptors for hormones and other chemical messengers, enzymes, and forming channels for substance transport.
Passive transport occurs when substances move down their concentration gradient across the membrane without using energy, involving diffusion and facilitated diffusion.
Osmosis is passive water movement across a semipermeable membrane, following a concentration gradient.
Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, utilizing chemical energy (ATP), and includes the sodium-potassium pump, which maintains ion concentrations.
Bulk transport involves particles too large to cross cell membranes, which are engulfed by the cell through pinocytosis or phagocytosis and are subsequently digested in lysosomes.
Organelles are specialized subunits within cells, each performing distinct functions and enclosed by their own membrane, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
All body cells, except mature erythrocytes, contain a nucleus, and some cells like muscle fibers have multiple nuclei.

Test your knowledge of cell physiology with a focus on the structure and functions of membranes. This quiz covers topics such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, nucleus, chromatin, nucleolus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and mitochondria.

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