49 Questions
What is the fundamental function of membranes in cell survival?
Regulating the intracellular environment
What is the composition of the plasma membrane?
Two layers of phospholipids with embedded proteins and sugars
What is the arrangement of phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane?
Head aligned on outer surfaces, tail forming a central water-repelling layer
What role do membrane proteins play in the plasma membrane?
Provide channels for the passage of substances
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins in a cell?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the nuclear envelope in a cell?
Separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Where is the genetic material of the cell found?
In the nucleus
Which organelle is central to aerobic respiration and ATP production?
Mitochondria
What is the function of ribosomes in the cell?
Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
Which organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleus
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones
Where are lysosomes formed in the cell?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein synthesis?
'Packaging' proteins into membrane-bound vesicles
Which organelle contains enzymes that digest foreign material such as microbes?
'Small vesicles' lysosomes
'Rough endoplasmic reticulum' is studded with what cellular structures?
'Tiny granules' ribosomes
What is present in all cells but is larger in those that synthesize and export proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is a membranous, sausage-shaped structure in the cytoplasm?
Mitochondria
What is the process of passive movement of water down its concentration gradient across a semipermeable membrane called?
Osmosis
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis?
Lysosomes
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport
Which organelle is described as the 'power house' of the cell?
Mitochondria
What are the structures within cells that have various functions, including acting as receptors, enzymes, and providing immunological identity through attached carbohydrate molecules?
Membrane proteins
Which transport mechanism allows substances to move down their concentration gradient without using energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material?
Nucleus
What organelle is involved in protein synthesis and lipid production?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What organelle generates energy through cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
Which transport method allows cells to take in large particles by engulfing them with extensions of the cytoplasm?
Pinocytosis
Which structure provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape?
Cytoskeleton
What type of transport mechanism transports substances up their concentration gradient, driven by ATP?
Active transport
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis?
Lysosomes
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?
Synthesizing proteins
What organelle is involved in synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
What is the fundamental function of membranes in cell survival?
Controlling passage of substances into and out of the cell
What type of transport mechanism transports substances up their concentration gradient, driven by ATP?
Active transport
'Rough endoplasmic reticulum' is studded with what cellular structures?
Ribosomes
Which transport mechanism allows cells to take in large particles by engulfing them with extensions of the cytoplasm?
Pinocytosis
What is the function of the nuclear envelope in a cell?
Regulate the entry and exit of substances
What is the fundamental function of membranes in cell survival?
Regulating the flow of materials
What type of transport mechanism transports substances up their concentration gradient, driven by ATP?
Active transport
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis?
Lysosomes
What are the structures within cells that have various functions, including acting as receptors, enzymes, and providing immunological identity through attached carbohydrate molecules?
Membrane proteins
What is the function of the nucleolus?
Synthesis and assembly of ribosomes
Which organelle is responsible for breaking down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis?
Lysosomes
What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?
Synthesis of proteins from amino acids
Which organelle is central to aerobic respiration and ATP production?
Mitochondria
Where are ribosomes found when they manufacture proteins for export from the cell?
Nuclear envelope
What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones
Which organelle contains the body's genetic material?
Nucleus
Study Notes
-
The plasma membrane surrounds each cell, providing a selective barrier to substances entering or leaving, ensuring selective permeability.
-
Different transport mechanisms allow for selective entry or exit of substances based on size and solubility.
-
Membrane proteins have various functions, including acting as receptors, enzymes, and providing immunological identity through attached carbohydrate molecules.
-
Passive transport includes diffusion and facilitated diffusion which allow substances to move down their concentration gradient without using energy.
-
Osmosis is the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane.
-
Active transport, driven by ATP, transports substances up their concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump.
-
Bulk transport methods, like pinocytosis and phagocytosis, allow cells to take in large particles, using extensions of the cytoplasm to engulf them and transport them to the interior of the cell.
-
Organelles, small specialized structures within cells, have various functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material. Some cells, such as mature erythrocytes, do not have a nucleus.
-
Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration.
-
Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
-
Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid production.
-
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations.
-
Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis.
-
The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.
-
The plasma membrane surrounds each cell, providing a selective barrier to substances entering or leaving, ensuring selective permeability.
-
Different transport mechanisms allow for selective entry or exit of substances based on size and solubility.
-
Membrane proteins have various functions, including acting as receptors, enzymes, and providing immunological identity through attached carbohydrate molecules.
-
Passive transport includes diffusion and facilitated diffusion which allow substances to move down their concentration gradient without using energy.
-
Osmosis is the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane.
-
Active transport, driven by ATP, transports substances up their concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump.
-
Bulk transport methods, like pinocytosis and phagocytosis, allow cells to take in large particles, using extensions of the cytoplasm to engulf them and transport them to the interior of the cell.
-
Organelles, small specialized structures within cells, have various functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
-
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material. Some cells, such as mature erythrocytes, do not have a nucleus.
-
Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration.
-
Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
-
Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid production.
-
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations.
-
Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis.
-
The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.
Test your knowledge of cell physiology and membrane structure with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, chromatin, mitochondria, and the functions of membranes.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
