20 Questions
Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell?
Plasma membrane
What is the main component of the plasma membrane?
Cholesterol
Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?
Head
What do the membrane proteins extending through the plasma membrane provide?
Channels for passage of substances
Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis in the cell?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What are the two main components of the plasma membrane?
Phospholipids and cholesterol
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material?
Nucleus
Which transport mechanism allows substances to move down their concentration gradient without using energy?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the main function of the cytoskeleton within cells?
Providing structural support
Which organelle generates energy through cellular respiration?
Mitochondria
What is the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane called?
Osmosis
Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?
Nucleus
What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?
Energy production
Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in producing proteins for export from the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Detoxification
Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles for export from the cell?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
Digestion of foreign material
In which organelle does the synthesis of proteins take place?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
Study Notes
- The plasma membrane surrounds each cell, providing a selective barrier to substances entering or leaving, ensuring selective permeability.
- Different transport mechanisms allow for selective entry or exit of substances based on size and solubility.
- Membrane proteins have various functions, including acting as receptors, enzymes, and providing immunological identity through attached carbohydrate molecules.
- Passive transport includes diffusion and facilitated diffusion which allow substances to move down their concentration gradient without using energy.
- Osmosis is the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane.
- Active transport, driven by ATP, transports substances up their concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump.
- Bulk transport methods, like pinocytosis and phagocytosis, allow cells to take in large particles, using extensions of the cytoplasm to engulf them and transport them to the interior of the cell.
- Organelles, small specialized structures within cells, have various functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
- The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material. Some cells, such as mature erythrocytes, do not have a nucleus.
- Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration.
- Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid production.
- The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations.
- Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis.
- The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.
Test your knowledge on cell physiology, membrane structure, and organelles with this quiz. Explore topics such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, nucleus, chromatin, nucleolus, mitochondria, and plasma membrane.
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