Cell Physiology and Membrane Structure Quiz

Which structure controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell?

What is the main component of the plasma membrane?

Which part of the phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic?

What do the membrane proteins extending through the plasma membrane provide?

Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis in the cell?

What are the two main components of the plasma membrane?

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations?

What is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material?

Which transport mechanism allows substances to move down their concentration gradient without using energy?

What is the main function of the cytoskeleton within cells?

Which organelle generates energy through cellular respiration?

What is the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane called?

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis and assembly of the components of ribosomes?

What is the main function of mitochondria in a cell?

Where are ribosomes found when they are involved in producing proteins for export from the cell?

What is the main function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins into membrane-bound vesicles for export from the cell?

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

In which organelle does the synthesis of proteins take place?

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

The plasma membrane surrounds each cell, providing a selective barrier to substances entering or leaving, ensuring selective permeability.
Different transport mechanisms allow for selective entry or exit of substances based on size and solubility.
Membrane proteins have various functions, including acting as receptors, enzymes, and providing immunological identity through attached carbohydrate molecules.
Passive transport includes diffusion and facilitated diffusion which allow substances to move down their concentration gradient without using energy.
Osmosis is the passive movement of water down its concentration gradient towards equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane.
Active transport, driven by ATP, transports substances up their concentration gradient, such as the sodium-potassium pump.
Bulk transport methods, like pinocytosis and phagocytosis, allow cells to take in large particles, using extensions of the cytoplasm to engulf them and transport them to the interior of the cell.
Organelles, small specialized structures within cells, have various functions, including the nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material. Some cells, such as mature erythrocytes, do not have a nucleus.
Mitochondria generate energy through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
Endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid production.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport to their final destinations.
Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris through hydrolysis.
The cytoskeleton provides structural support and helps maintain cell shape.