Cell Penetrating Peptides and Nanoparticles

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of cyanobacteria that makes them amenable to DNA uptake?

They have a cell wall that requires aggressive delivery methods

They are eukaryotic organisms

They can natively take up DNA from their environment without manipulation (correct)

They require specialized organelles for DNA uptake

What is a challenge posed by eukaryotic algae in gene delivery methods?

Their lack of cell walls

Their ability to recognize and reject foreign DNA

Their requirement for aggressive delivery methods due to cell walls (correct)

Their ability to natively take up DNA from the environment

What is a factor that influences the efficiency of gene delivery methods?

The type of DNA molecule being used

The target cellular compartment (correct)

The environmental conditions of the cell

All of the above

What is a way in which eukaryotic algae differ from cyanobacteria in terms of DNA uptake?

Eukaryotic algae require more aggressive delivery methods Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of target cellular compartment in gene delivery methods?

It affects the efficiency of gene delivery Signup and view all the answers

Why are certain cells more amenable to gene delivery methods?

Due to their ability to natively take up DNA from the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of microparticle bombardment in gene delivery?

Transformation of chloroplast genomes Signup and view all the answers

How does the presence of cell walls affect transformation efficiency in microparticle bombardment?

It has no effect on transformation efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum reported transformation efficiency in C.reinhardtii using microparticle bombardment?

15 transformants per µg of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using smaller particles in microparticle bombardment?

It improves transformation efficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the technique used to deliver proteins into target cells using microparticle bombardment?

Proteolistics Signup and view all the answers

What is the reported efficiency of delivering Cas9–gRNA RNP into P.tricornutum using microparticle bombardment?

10⁻⁶ per 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹ Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of knocking out the PtUMPS and PtAPT genes in P.tricornutum using microparticle bombardment?

Resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid and 2-fluoroadenine Signup and view all the answers

What is the size range of proteins that can be delivered using microparticle bombardment?

24-68 kDa Signup and view all the answers

What type of peptides have been demonstrated in non-algal hosts?

Cell penetrating peptides Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of metal-organic frameworks?

Gene delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using liposomes in gene delivery?

Increased transformation efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a method of gene delivery mentioned in the text?

Viral vectors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of target cell recognition in gene delivery?

To specifically target cells for gene delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the review mentioned in the text?

Gene delivery methods in non-algal hosts Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Penetrating Peptides and Delivery Methods

Strategies based on cell penetrating peptides (CPP), polymers, metal-organic frameworks, nanoparticles, and liposomes have been demonstrated in non-algal hosts.

Delivery to Cellular Compartments

Methods can target specific cellular compartments (organellar or nuclear).
Cyanobacteria can natively take up DNA from their environment without manipulation.
Eukaryotic algae require more aggressive delivery methods due to their cell walls.

Transformation of Chloroplast Genomes

Cell penetrating peptides can penetrate multiple membrane layers.
This technique can transform circular plasmids into the nucleus of the red alga Porphyridium purpureum.

Microparticle Bombardment

This method is unaffected by cell-wall presence but can disturb cell viability if many micro-projectiles are used.
Efficiency of nuclear transformation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: 15 transformants per µg of DNA.
Efficiencies in Dunaliella salina, Volvox carteri, and Phaeodactylum tricornutum: 2.5 × 10^(-5), 1.7 × 10^2, and 1.0 × 10^2 transformants per µg of DNA, respectively.

Proteolistics

Microparticle bombardment can deliver proteins (24-68 kDa) into cells.
This method has been used to deliver Cas9-gRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) into Phaeodactylum tricornutum, leading to gene knockout and resistance to 5-fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA) and 2-fluoroadenine (2-FA).

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Description

This quiz covers the strategies and applications of cell penetrating peptides, polymers, metal-organic frameworks, and nanoparticles. It's ideal for biochemistry and nanotechnology students.