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Questions and Answers
What is the cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell?
What is the cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell?
- Cytoskeleton
- Cell Membrane (correct)
- Vacuole
- Nucleus
What structure holds the cell together and aids in movement?
What structure holds the cell together and aids in movement?
Cytoskeleton
What organelle converts chemical energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell?
What organelle converts chemical energy stored in food into usable energy for the cell?
Mitochondrion
What part of the cell contains DNA and RNA and is responsible for growth and reproduction?
What part of the cell contains DNA and RNA and is responsible for growth and reproduction?
What assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins in a cell?
What assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins in a cell?
What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
Which organelle is filled with enzymes necessary for breaking down materials in the cell?
Which organelle is filled with enzymes necessary for breaking down materials in the cell?
What are the fingerlike extensions of a cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption?
What are the fingerlike extensions of a cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption?
What are hairlike projections from the plasma membrane used for locomotion?
What are hairlike projections from the plasma membrane used for locomotion?
What organelle aids in cell division in animal cells?
What organelle aids in cell division in animal cells?
What structure stores food, water, wastes, and other materials?
What structure stores food, water, wastes, and other materials?
Which organelles capture sunlight energy and convert it to chemical energy?
Which organelles capture sunlight energy and convert it to chemical energy?
What provides a strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells?
What provides a strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells?
What stores material within the cell?
What stores material within the cell?
What are the sites of protein synthesis?
What are the sites of protein synthesis?
What organelle manages all cell functions in a eukaryotic cell?
What organelle manages all cell functions in a eukaryotic cell?
What pigment captures sunlight energy and gives plants their green color?
What pigment captures sunlight energy and gives plants their green color?
What organelle digests excess or worn-out cell parts and other materials?
What organelle digests excess or worn-out cell parts and other materials?
What increases the surface area of the cell membrane to help with absorption?
What increases the surface area of the cell membrane to help with absorption?
What offers a firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants?
What offers a firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in plants?
What produces a usable form of energy for the cell?
What produces a usable form of energy for the cell?
What packages proteins for transport out of the cell?
What packages proteins for transport out of the cell?
What assembles some components of the cell membrane and synthesizes lipids?
What assembles some components of the cell membrane and synthesizes lipids?
Where are ribosomes made?
Where are ribosomes made?
What provides support for the cell and controls what goes in and out?
What provides support for the cell and controls what goes in and out?
What consists of hollow tubes providing support and tracks for organelles?
What consists of hollow tubes providing support and tracks for organelles?
What structure moves substances along the surface of the cell?
What structure moves substances along the surface of the cell?
What assembles components of the cell membrane and modifies proteins?
What assembles components of the cell membrane and modifies proteins?
What small organelle assists with cell division?
What small organelle assists with cell division?
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Study Notes
Cell Structures and Their Functions
- Cell Membrane: Regulates entry and exit of substances; provides protective barrier.
- Cytoskeleton: Composed of fibers for structural support, maintaining shape, and facilitating movement.
- Mitochondrion: Converts food chemical energy into usable cellular energy.
- Nucleus: Contains DNA and RNA; controls growth and reproduction of the cell.
Intracellular Components
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): A membrane system aiding in protein production, processing, transport, and lipid synthesis.
- Golgi Apparatus: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the ER for transport.
- Lysosome: Enzyme-filled organelle that digests worn-out parts, food, and pathogens.
- Vacuoles: Stores essential materials like food, water, and waste within the cell.
Plant-Specific Structures
- Chloroplasts: Capture sunlight energy for photosynthesis, converting it into chemical energy; contain chlorophyll for green coloration.
- Cell Wall: Rigid outer structure providing protection, shape, and support, mainly in plants, fungi, and some bacteria.
Cellular Projections and Movement
- Microvilli: Fingerlike extensions increasing surface area for absorption, dense in intestines and kidneys.
- Cilia: Hair-like structures for locomotion and moving substances across cell surfaces.
Cell Division and Support
- Centrioles: Organelle crucial for cell division in animal cells.
- Ribosomes: Sites for protein synthesis, either free-floating or attached to the ER.
Summary of Functions
- Energy Production: Mitochondria produce usable energy; chloroplasts use sunlight for photosynthesis.
- Material Storage: Vacuoles store various substances; lysosomes break down materials.
- Transport and Processing: The Golgi apparatus modifies and packages proteins; the ER synthesizes lipids and some membrane components.
- Structural Integrity: The cytoskeleton provides support; the cell membrane controls substance movement and offers protection.
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