Cell Organelles Flashcards

Study Notes

Cell Organelles Summary

Vacuole: Stores materials and provides temporary storage for food, enzymes, and waste products.
Golgi Body: Composed of closely stacked, flattened sacs, primarily found in plants, responsible for packaging proteins for transport.
Ribosomes: Sites for protein synthesis, often found on the endoplasmic reticulum as small bumps.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transports materials within the cell, contributing to cellular communication and metabolism.
Nucleus: Manages and controls all cell functions in eukaryotic cells, containing genetic information.
Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll for trapping sunlight energy, giving plants their green color.
Lysosomes: Digest excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles, and invading pathogens, acting as the cell's waste disposal system.
Cytoskeleton: A firm structure that provides shape and support to the cell in plants, fungi, some bacteria, and protists.
Mitochondria: Produces usable energy for the cell via cellular respiration.
Golgi Apparatus: Similar function to the Golgi Body, packaging proteins for transport out of the cell.
Organelle: Refers to all components inside the cell, including the nucleus.
Nucleolus: Site of ribosome production within the nucleus.
Cell Membrane: Surrounds the cell, offering protection and regulating the movement of substances in and out.
Lipid Bilayer: Composed of phospholipids, provides structural support for the cell with two subparts.
Chromosome: The term for the collection of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, essential for genetic information.
Microtubules: Hollow tubes that support the cell and are part of the cytoskeleton.
Flagellum: Hair-like structures utilized for movement and sensing, longer whip-like structures cater to propulsion.
Ingestion: Process by which the cell takes in substances, associated with the plasma membrane.
Digestion: Primarily handled by lysosomes.
Respiration: Mitochondria are responsible for the process of cellular respiration, converting food into energy.
Excretion: Vacuoles play a significant role by expelling waste products.
Cytoplasm: The region within the cell, excluding the nucleus, where organelles are suspended.