Cell Organelles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

Produces ATP molecules for energy.

Contains the DNA and controls all functions of the cell. (correct)

Separates ribosomes from the cytoplasm.

Synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell.

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Nucleolus

Mitochondrion

Rough E.R. (correct)

Smooth E.R.

Where is the chromatin located in a cell?

In the cytoplasm.

Inside the nucleus. (correct)

Inside the mitochondrion.

Surrounding the cell membrane.

What is the primary function of the mitochondrion?

Produces ATP through aerobic respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the Smooth E.R.?

It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysosomes in the cell?

To break down waste and cellular debris Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for packaging and tagging molecules for transport?

Golgi Apparatus Signup and view all the answers

What role do peroxisomes play in the cell?

Oxidative breakdown of fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for cell shape and transport?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the plasma membrane?

Regulate the passage of substances in and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is not a component of plant cells?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is involved in photosynthesis?

Chloroplasts Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chromoplasts in plant cells?

Production of color pigments Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle serves as a storage unit within the cell?

Vesicles Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for propelling the cell through fluid?

Flagella Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Storage and maintenance of turgor pressure Signup and view all the answers

What role do microvilli play on the cell surface?

Enhance surface area for absorption Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the contractile vacuole in protists?

Expel excess water Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is mainly involved in cell division?

Centrioles Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Organelles Overview

Nucleus ("The Boss"): Usually central in the cell, controls all cell functions; contains DNA.
Nuclear Membrane: Surrounds the nucleus, contains nuclear pores for selective molecule passage.

Genetic Material and Ribosomes

Chromatin ("The Blueprints"): Found inside the nucleus, consists of proteins and DNA, holds genetic instructions for synthesizing molecules.
Nucleolus: Located within the nucleus, responsible for synthesizing ribosomes.

Energy Production and Protein Synthesis

Mitochondrion ("The Powerhouse"): Located in the cytoplasm, produces ATP via aerobic respiration, essential for energy.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough E.R.): In the cytoplasm, synthesizes proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth E.R.): In the cytoplasm, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies the cell.
Ribosomes: Present attached to Rough E.R. and free in the cytoplasm, synthesize proteins.

Packaging and Transport

Golgi Apparatus ("UPS"): Located in the cytoplasm, packages produced molecules into vesicles and tags them for transport.
Lysosome ("The Stomach"): Contains digestive enzymes, breaks down contents when merging with other vesicles.
Peroxisome: In the cytoplasm, breaks down fatty acids and substrates through oxidative reactions.
Vesicles ("Storage Unit"): Membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm, store or transport molecules.
Secretory Vesicles: Merge with the plasma membrane to release molecules outside the cell.

Structural Support and Cell Shape

Plasma Membrane (Cell Membrane): Surrounds the cell, selectively permeable, regulates passage of materials.
Cytoskeleton ("The Skeleton"): Composed of protein filaments and microtubules, provides shape and assists in vesicle transport.
Microtubules: Provide support and structure, component of centrioles, cilia, and flagella.

Cell Movement and Division

Centrioles: Composed of microtubules, play a role in cell division.
Cilia: On the cell surface, beat back and forth to move fluid across the cell.
Flagella ("The Tail"): Protrudes from the cell, whips to propel the cell forward; typically one per sperm cell.

Additional Structures in Plant Cells

Microvilli: On cell surface, increase surface area.
Contractile Vacuole: In cytoplasm of protists and some fungi, expels water to prevent cell rupture.
Cell Wall: Covers plant cells, prevents rupture from water pressure.
Plastids: Cytoplasm of plant cells, includes chloroplasts, leucoplasts, amyloplasts, and chromoplasts.
- Chloroplasts: Site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for glucose synthesis.
- Chromoplasts: Store color pigments, typically yellow or orange.
- Amyloplasts: Site for starch storage.
Central Vacuole: Center of plant cells, provides pressure against the cell wall for support.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell organelles and their roles within the cell. This quiz covers various organelles, their nicknames, locations, and functions in cellular processes. Perfect for biology students and enthusiasts!