Cell Movement Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the diameter of microtubules?

  • 8nm
  • 10nm
  • 25nm (correct)
  • 15nm
  • Which protein filament is thinner than microtubules?

  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microfilaments
  • Actin filaments (correct)
  • What are microfilaments made from?

  • Tubulin
  • Actin (correct)
  • Collagen
  • Keratin
  • What are intermediate filaments made from?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal protein filament is described as long tubes?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is crucial for the function of many highly specialized cells?

    <p>Segregation of particular structures within certain parts of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular process involves the movement of molecules and organelles within the cell?

    <p>Transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the cytoskeleton allows it to respond to changes in cell shape?

    <p>Dynamic increase and decrease in internal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Segregation of organelles within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cells is the super-elongated form like neurons often observed?

    <p>Highly specialized cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cells need to be motile?

    <p>To secrete extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of motile cells in host defense?

    <p>Constantly searching for pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contribution does uncontrolled cell migration make to cancer?

    <p>Formation of tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cytoskeleton support the cell shape?

    <p>By shifting and rearranging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a function of the cytoskeleton besides providing cell shape?

    <p>Transporting substances within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular component is responsible for cells being able to sense their environment?

    <p>Small filopodia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cytoskeleton within a cell?

    <p>Maintaining cell architecture and providing a transport system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cytoskeleton mentioned in the text?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of proteins are responsible for cell movement mentioned in the text?

    <p>Kinesin, dynein, and myosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cytoskeleton contribute to the rigidity of a cell?

    <p>By providing a structural framework for cell support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which evolutionary event was accompanied by the emergence of a system that positioned and anchored cell organelles?

    <p>Compartmentalization of cell organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of filaments in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Transport cargoes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do accessory proteins contribute to the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Cross link filaments with other proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cytoskeleton primarily consist of?

    <p>Protein filaments and motor proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the 3D structure formed by protein filaments in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Meshwork</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Besides providing rigidity, what other function do the filaments in the cytoskeleton serve?

    <p>Act as trackways for transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cytoskeleton: Structure and Function

    • The cytoskeleton is composed of three groups of protein filaments: microtubules, intermediate filaments, and actin filaments, which vary in size (25nm, 8nm, and 10nm external diameter, respectively).
    • These protein filaments are polymers made up of protein sub-units.

    Functions of the Cytoskeleton

    • The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell, allowing it to change shape and move.
    • It plays a crucial role in the segregation of internal cellular elements, such as organelles or proteins, and their relative position to one another.
    • The cytoskeleton enables transport of molecules and organelles within the cell, as well as the movement of the cell as a whole.

    Importance of Cell Motility

    • Cell motility is essential for various biological processes, including:
      • Neutrophil (macrophage) migration to chase bacteria
      • Cell migration during development to reach defined locations
      • Host defense against pathogens
      • Wound healing through the secretion of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins

    Why Study Cell Migration?

    • Uncontrolled cell migration contributes to several pathologies, including:
      • Vascular diseases
      • Chronic inflammatory diseases
      • Cancer (tumor formation and metastasis)

    Basis of Cell Migration

    • The cytoskeleton, composed of fibers that dynamically reorient, shrink, and grow, is the basis of cell migration.
    • This mechanism allows for:
      • Axon growth and connection in neurons
      • Muscle cell contraction and force production
      • Cell division during mitosis
      • Formation of filopodia to sense the environment

    Cytoskeleton and Cell Architecture

    • The cytoskeleton forms the architecture and transport system of the cell, providing:
      • Structural support and shape
      • Transport of cargo-filled vesicles, individual molecules, and cell organelles
      • Positioning and anchoring of cell organelles

    Cytoskeleton: Movers and Shapers

    • The three main groups of shapers (protein filaments) are:
      • Microtubules
      • Intermediate filaments
      • Actin filaments
    • The three main groups of movers (motor proteins) are:
      • Kinesin
      • Dynein
      • Myosin

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    Test your knowledge on why cells need to be motile and the importance of studying the basics of cell movement. Explore key concepts such as cell migration in development, host defense, and wound healing, as well as the implications of uncontrolled cell migration in various pathologies.

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