Cours : Cell Migration in Nervous System Development

Which type of neuron is responsible for the formation of excitatory pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex?

What is the primary mode of migration for inhibitory interneurons into the cerebral cortex?

Which type of neuron migrates radially during cerebellar development?

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cerebellum?

Which type of cell is responsible for guiding the migration of neuronal precursor cells along radial glia?

What type of cells are specifically referred to in the example of developmental processes?

Which region is NOT associated with the development of SST+ Martinotti cells?

Which mutated gene is primarily associated with Periventricular Heterotopia?

Which of the following human disorders is linked to abnormalities in cortical migration due to genetic mutations?

What is the function of the gene Arfgef2 mentioned in the context of cortical migration defects?

What disorder is associated with mutations in the POMT1, POMGnT1, and Fukutin genes?

Which of the following accurately describes the migration pattern of granule neuron precursors in the developing cerebellum?

What is the main function of Sema6A in granule cell precursors?

When does cerebellar development complete in mice?

What is the origin of the cerebellum in the developing brain?

What role do neural crest cells play in the development of the nervous system?

What process allows neural crest cells to migrate from their origin?

Which of the following structures is formed by radial glia cells?

What is the key function of Cajal Retzius cells in the nervous system development?

What type of neurons do enteric neural crest cells primarily differentiate into?

What primarily determines the formation of neurons versus glial cells during neural development?

In which part of the nervous system do precursor cells migrate long distances?

What is the primary consequence of aberrant development in the nervous system?

What role do basal radial glia cells play in the outer subventricular zone?

Which statement about corticogenesis is accurate?

What aspect of cortical development has increased in complexity as evolution progressed?

Where do interneurons originate in the developing brain?

What guides the migration of interneurons in the telencephalon?

What is a noted characteristic of thalamocortical pathways in cortical areas?

What is the significance of ventricle-directed migration for interneurons?

Which of the following types of interneurons are known to form synapses with excitatory neurons?

What is another name for the apical site in the developing neural tube?

What type of migration do cells undergo as they move from the apical to the basal site?

Which cells act as a scaffold for migrating neurons in the developing brain?

Name one type of tissue derived from the cranial neural crest.

Besides sensory neurons and melanocytes, name one derivative of the Trunk region.

What is the eventual fate of Cajal Retzius cells after the cortex layering is completed?

In what direction do Cajal Retzius cells migrate within the neural tube?

What is the primary role of Reelin secreted by Cajal Retzius cells?

What is the first layer formed during the inside-out formation of the cortex?

In species with larger brains, what role does the subventricular zone play in neuron production?

What does 3H-Thymidine label in the developing brain?

Why does the radioactive marker accumulate in cells after a short time?

What is the significance of injecting pregnant mice with 3H-Thymidine at different times during pregnancy?

Which of the following is NOT a region of the brain mentioned in the diagram?

According to the 3H-Thymidine experiment, which layers of the cortex are marked early in pregnancy?

Which of the following best describes the role of somites in neural crest cell migration?

Neural crest cells only give rise to neurons within the central nervous system.

Which of the following human disorders is associated with a defect in the initiation of cortical neuron migration?

Briefly describe how glial cells assist in the radial migration of neurons during the development of the cerebral cortex.

Mutations in the Reelin (RELN) gene primarily result in defects during the initiation phase of cortical neuron migration.

In mosaic women, why does Subcortical Band Heterotopia sometimes occur, even with genes that cause lissencephaly located on the X-chromosome?

In the developing cerebral cortex, neurons are born in the ______ area and migrate towards the basal site, a process known as radial migration.

Cobblestone Lissencephaly, a disorder affecting only parts of the brain, is associated with a defect in ______ during cortical migration.

Match the following locations/structures with their description/role in neural crest cell or neuron development:

Match the mutated genes with their associated cortical migration defect:

What role do Cajal-Retzius cells play in the layering of the cortex?

The cortex is formed in an outside-in manner, with the outer layers forming first.

What is the significance of the subventricular zone in species with large brains during cortex formation?

Glia cells place their endfeet in the marginal zone beneath the ______.

Match the zone with its primary role in cortex formation:

What is the primary function of the outer ventricular zone in primate brain development?

Pyramidal neurons form connections within the brain, but do not project axons outside of it.

What type of cells regulate the activity of pyramidal neurons?

Excitatory pyramidal neurons are born in the ______ zone and migrate radially into the cortical plate.

Where are interneurons born, before migrating to the cortical layers?

The radial migration of interneurons precedes their layer-specific targeting.

What is the primary role of GABAergic neurons in the neocortex?

Match the migration type with the cell:

What is the significance of using 3H-Thymidine in studying cortical development?

In the 3H-Thymidine experiment, if a mouse is injected later in pregnancy, the radioactive marker will be found predominantly in the deeper, internal layers of the cortex of the offspring.

In studies of cortical development, what happens to the 3H-Thymidine marker in cells that stop dividing?

In ________ species, the subventricular zone contains inner and outer subventricular zones, where stem cell-like neuronal precursors generate faster and more neuronal precursors.

Match the following cortical development characteristics with the appropriate species type:

What is the primary difference in corticogenesis between lissencephalic and gyrencephalic species?

The inner subventricular zone in gyrencephalic species corresponds to the subventricular zone in lissencephalic species.

In primates, the subventricular zone is divided into two sections. What are these sections termed?

In the developing cerebellum, where does the proliferation of granule cells primarily occur?

Purkinje cells are born in the external granule layer and migrate radially inwards.

What is the primary function of Bergmann glia cells in the developing cerebellum?

The mature cerebellum consists of the inner granule cell layer, the Purkinje cell layer, and the _______ layer.

Match the cerebellar developmental event in mice with its approximate timing:

What forms parallel fibers in the cerebellum?

Which structure gives rise to the cerebellum?

The rhombic lip opens up to allow cells to migrate out.