Transport Across Cell Membranes Quiz

The direct breakdown of ATP.

It exchanges three Na+ ions out of the cell for two K+ ions into the cell, maintaining the electrochemical gradient.

Secondary active transport uses the sodium concentration gradient created by the Na+-K+ ATPase pump for energy instead of direct ATP breakdown.

<p>The Calcium ATPase pump moves Ca++ ions out of the cell against their concentration gradient using ATP energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrier proteins facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the cell membrane by changing shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Symport carriers transport two molecules in the same direction across the membrane, using the gradient of one molecule to drive the transport of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Sodium-Hydrogen exchanger moves Na+ ions into the cell while transporting H+ ions out, maintaining pH balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The conformational change allows the carrier to bind and release molecules on either side of the cell membrane, facilitating transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides the driving force necessary for the co-transport of other molecules against their concentration gradients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sodium-potassium pump maintains cell volume and contributes to resting membrane potential by pumping 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions into the cell using one ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The calcium ATPase pump keeps intracellular calcium levels low, which is essential for the relaxation of skeletal and cardiac muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary active transport utilizes the electrochemical gradients established by primary active transport as its energy source to move substances against their gradients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A symport carrier is a type of cotransporter that moves two substances in the same direction; an example is the sodium-glucose cotransporter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP hydrolysis provides the energy necessary for primary active transport mechanisms to move ions against their concentration gradients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It means there is a higher concentration of positive ions outside the cell, leading to a net negative charge inside due to the activity of the sodium-potassium pump.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Primary active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy, while passive transport allows molecules to move down their gradient without energy input.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sodium-potassium pump creates a high concentration of sodium outside the cell, enabling the movement of sodium back into the cell to drive the transport of other substances like glucose against their gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, maintaining the cell's electrochemical gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The calcium ATPase pump removes calcium ions from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, allowing muscles to relax after contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary active transport uses the energy created by primary active transport to move other substances against their concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrier proteins facilitate the transport of large water-soluble molecules across the cell membrane by binding to the substance and changing shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gated ion channels open or close in response to specific signals, allowing selective passage of ions based on cellular needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transport maximum represents the limit of how much substance can be transported per unit time based on the number and activity of carrier proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water-soluble molecules require facilitated diffusion via carriers, while lipid-soluble molecules can easily pass through the membrane via simple diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ligands bind to ligand-gated ion channels, causing them to open or close and regulate ion flow across the membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Movement of molecules across a membrane using energy from ATP hydrolysis, moving molecules against their concentration gradient.

A primary active transport protein that moves 3 sodium ions out of and 2 potassium ions into a cell, using one ATP molecule.

Movement of molecules across a membrane using energy from an existing ion gradient, rather than directly from ATP.

A type of carrier protein in secondary active transport that moves two or more substances in the same direction across the membrane.

The difference in electrical potential across a cell membrane when it is not stimulated or actively transporting ions.

Primary active transport protein that pumps calcium ions out of the cell or back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, keeping intracellular calcium low.

A primary active transport protein that pumps hydrogen ions out of and potassium ions into a cell, important for acid production.

Two molecules move in opposite directions across the membrane.

A symport carrier that moves sodium and glucose together into the cell.

An antiport carrier that exchanges sodium for hydrogen ions.

An antiport that exchanges sodium for calcium across a membrane.

Glucose and Sodium bind to carrier protein, trigger conformational change for transport.

Movement of molecules across a membrane without energy input.

Diffusion speed is slower with larger molecules and thicker membranes.

Molecules move directly across the membrane (lipid-soluble or small water-soluble).

Large molecules use carrier proteins to cross membranes.

The highest rate at which facilitated diffusion can occur.

Ions move through specialized protein channels.

Movement against the concentration gradient using energy (ATP).