THE CELL WK1 - Building block of cell

Hydrophobic segments interacting with the protein hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer

Lipid-anchored protein

To regulate the molecular ionic compositions of cellular compartments

They are hydrophilic and located on the membrane surface

Both lipids and proteins

To control the flow of information

Peripheral protein

To produce proteins activated via signaling pathways

The protein's interactions with the lipid bilayer

To serve as a selective barrier for the cell

Membrane enzyme

To provide structural support

Their association with the lipid bilayer

To form a hydrophobic and hydrophilic region

A dynamic and fluid structure

To serve as a connection between the cell's internal and external environments

Terpenes

To facilitate the transport of ions and molecules

To interact with the lipid bilayer and facilitate cellular functions

Thickness of the bilipid layer

Coupled transport

To bind signaling molecules and initiate a physiological response

They are multimeric proteins that form a passageway through the membrane

It binds to GTP or GDP depending on activation

It removes phosphates and deactivates the receptor

Enzyme-linked receptors

To transport solutes across the membrane

Gradient power of another transport process

Energy production

Dynamic and fluid

Binding of hormone or signal molecules

To regulate the flow of substances into and out of the cell

Integral proteins are embedded in the membrane, while peripheral proteins are attached

To regulate protein-protein interactions

To transport materials within the cell

To influence the fluidity of the membrane

The cell membrane surrounds organelles

They control the flow of ions and molecules across the membrane.

The type of protein-lipid bilayer interaction, such as integral, peripheral, or lipid-anchored.

They regulate the signaling pathways and transmission of information between cells.

It provides a specific environment for protein-lipid interactions and affects protein function.

Integral proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer and play a crucial role in various cellular functions, such as transport and signaling. They are differentiated from peripheral proteins, which are attached to the surface of the membrane, but not embedded in the lipid bilayer.

They are activated via signaling pathways, and their expression is regulated by differential transcription of genes.

Lipid-anchored proteins are attached to the cell membrane through covalent bonds with lipids, and their primary function is to facilitate cell-cell interactions and signaling.

To facilitate the transport of molecules across the membrane and maintain the cell's internal environment

The function of a membrane protein is reflected in its association with the lipid bilayer.

Through non-covalent bonds with the polar heads of phospholipids

The fatty acid composition of the cell membrane determines its fluidity, with unsaturated fatty acids and chain length influencing the membrane's dynamic structure.

They are covalently attached to a lipid and embedded in the lipid bilayer

Receptors are proteins embedded in the cell membrane that bind to specific signal molecules, triggering an intracellular response and facilitating intercellular communication.

To facilitate communication between cells and their environment

Selective permeability refers to the ability of the cell membrane to regulate the passage of certain substances, while restricting others. This is crucial for maintaining proper cellular function and homeostasis.

Electron transport proteins are involved in the process of energy production in mitochondria, facilitating the transfer of electrons during cellular respiration.

They form a lipid bilayer with a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head

To facilitate recognition and communication between cells

Integral proteins create hydrophilic and hydrophobic passageways, allowing for the transport of nutrients and other solutes across the cell membrane.

By regulating the flow of ions and molecules across the cell membrane

Vesicles are structures consisting of liquid or cytoplasm enclosed by a lipid bilayer, formed during secretion, uptake, and transport of materials within the plasma membrane.

A lipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Enzymes are proteins embedded in the cell membrane that facilitate specific cellular functions, such as energy production and solute transport.

To facilitate various cellular reactions and processes

By attaching to microfilaments in the cytoskeleton

Integral proteins span the membrane and have a hydrophobic region that interacts with the lipid bilayer, whereas peripheral proteins are bound to the membrane surface and do not span the membrane.

Lipid-anchored proteins are covalently linked to lipids and embedded in the lipid bilayer, allowing them to participate in cell signaling and membrane trafficking.

Membrane proteins regulate the transport of molecules and ions across the membrane, maintaining the molecular and ionic compositions of cellular compartments.

Receptor proteins bind to signaling molecules outside the cell and initiate a physiological response by transmitting signals across the membrane.

Ion channel receptors are multimeric proteins that form a passageway across the membrane, allowing specific ions to flow through them in response to chemical or mechanical signals.

G-protein coupled receptors transmit signals by binding to signaling molecules, which activates the alpha subunit, leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex and diffusion to interact with other membrane-bound proteins.

Carrier proteins facilitate transport by binding to solutes and transporting them across the membrane, either alone (uniport) or in conjunction with other solutes (coupled transport).

The permeability of a substance through a membrane depends on the substance's size, charge, and lipid solubility, as well as the membrane's lipid composition and protein-mediated transport mechanisms.

Secondary active transport involves the transport of solutes against their concentration gradient, driven by the energy generated from the formation of another ion gradient.

Protein channels that allow direct exchange of ions, nutrients, and waste between cells

Connexin protein molecules

efine apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains in polarised epithelial cells and control the flow of solutes between cells in an epithelial sheet.

A mechanism of cell signaling

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) binding