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Cell Membrane Structure and Lipid Bilayers

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Cell Membrane Structure and Lipid Bilayers

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Questions and Answers

What is the reason behind lipid bilayers being asymmetric?

Phosphatidylserine is present in both leaflets

Only glycosphingolipids are present in the bilayer

Cellular energy is used to maintain the asymmetry (correct)

Random distribution of lipids in the bilayer

Which type of integral membrane protein has a hydrophilic interior and hydrophobic exterior?

Alpha-helical proteins

Beta-barrel proteins (correct)

Peripheral membrane proteins

Lipid-linked membrane proteins

What is the minimum number of hydrophobic residues required for an alpha-helical protein to cross the membrane once?

20-30 (correct)

10-15

15-20

30-40

What is the main difference between peripheral membrane proteins and lipid-linked membrane proteins?

Their interaction with the lipid bilayer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is usually found on the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer?

Glycosphingolipids Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the 1st strand of a beta-barrel protein?

It H-bonds to the last strand Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TAGs in most organisms?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between phospholipids and TAGs?

One fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the head group of phospholipids?

Polar and charged Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phospholipases?

Hydrolyze phospholipids at specific ester bonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between phospholipids and sphingolipids?

Phospholipids have a glycerol backbone, while sphingolipids have a sphingosine backbone Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of biological membranes?

Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the fluidity of a lipid bilayer?

The length of the hydrophobic acyl chains Signup and view all the answers

How does cholesterol influence membrane fluidity?

It has a dual effect, decreasing fluidity by being rigid and increasing fluidity by preventing close packing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why lipids rarely flip from one leaflet to the other in a membrane?

It is energetically unfavorable Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical distribution of lipids in a cell membrane?

Asymmetrical distribution between the inner and outer leaflets Signup and view all the answers

Why do polar head groups of lipids face outward in a membrane?

To H-bond with water Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of having lots of long and saturated lipids in a membrane?

Higher melting temperature, less fluid Signup and view all the answers