Cell Membrane Structure and Lipid Bilayers
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Questions and Answers

What is the reason behind lipid bilayers being asymmetric?

  • Phosphatidylserine is present in both leaflets
  • Only glycosphingolipids are present in the bilayer
  • Cellular energy is used to maintain the asymmetry (correct)
  • Random distribution of lipids in the bilayer

Which type of integral membrane protein has a hydrophilic interior and hydrophobic exterior?

  • Alpha-helical proteins
  • Beta-barrel proteins (correct)
  • Peripheral membrane proteins
  • Lipid-linked membrane proteins

What is the minimum number of hydrophobic residues required for an alpha-helical protein to cross the membrane once?

  • 20-30 (correct)
  • 10-15
  • 15-20
  • 30-40

What is the main difference between peripheral membrane proteins and lipid-linked membrane proteins?

<p>Their interaction with the lipid bilayer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is usually found on the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer?

<p>Glycosphingolipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the 1st strand of a beta-barrel protein?

<p>It H-bonds to the last strand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TAGs in most organisms?

<p>Energy storage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between phospholipids and TAGs?

<p>One fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the head group of phospholipids?

<p>Polar and charged (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of phospholipases?

<p>Hydrolyze phospholipids at specific ester bonds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between phospholipids and sphingolipids?

<p>Phospholipids have a glycerol backbone, while sphingolipids have a sphingosine backbone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of biological membranes?

<p>Phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the fluidity of a lipid bilayer?

<p>The length of the hydrophobic acyl chains (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cholesterol influence membrane fluidity?

<p>It has a dual effect, decreasing fluidity by being rigid and increasing fluidity by preventing close packing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why lipids rarely flip from one leaflet to the other in a membrane?

<p>It is energetically unfavorable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical distribution of lipids in a cell membrane?

<p>Asymmetrical distribution between the inner and outer leaflets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do polar head groups of lipids face outward in a membrane?

<p>To H-bond with water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of having lots of long and saturated lipids in a membrane?

<p>Higher melting temperature, less fluid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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