Cell Membrane Disruption by Polymyxins Quiz

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In which scenario is combination therapy often initiated empirically?

Viral infections

Mild infections

Chronic infections

Severe or life-threatening infections (correct)

Why is combination therapy used initially in cancer patients with neutropenia?

To simplify the treatment regimen

To cover a broad spectrum of potential pathogens (correct)

To reduce the efficacy of antibiotics

To target only one type of pathogen

Why is combining antibiotics with different mechanisms of action recommended?

To simplify treatment regimens

To target the pathogen through multiple pathways and reduce the risk of resistance development (correct)

To limit the effectiveness of antibiotics

To increase the risk of resistance development

What is a common example of a synergistic combination in antibiotic therapy?

Trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) Signup and view all the answers

When is combination therapy recommended in cases involving multiple types of microorganisms?

When there are bacterial and fungal infections present Signup and view all the answers

What effect does combining a beta-lactam antibiotic with a beta-lactamase inhibitor have on the spectrum of activity?

It enhances the spectrum of activity against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria Signup and view all the answers

How do metabolic inhibitors like sulfonamides disrupt bacterial growth?

By inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of trimethoprim in bacterial growth inhibition?

It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, an enzyme in the folate synthesis pathway Signup and view all the answers

Why is the combination of sulfonamides and trimethoprim often used synergistically?

To block microbial DNA and RNA production at two different points Signup and view all the answers

How do sulfonamides affect nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria?

By competitively inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase involved in folate synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme does trimethoprim inhibit to disrupt bacterial growth?

Dihydrofolate reductase Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of sulfonamides in bacterial cells?

Folate synthesis enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between genetic and non-genetic drug resistance?

Genetic resistance involves mutations or acquisition of resistance genes, while non-genetic resistance does not involve genetic changes. Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of resistance involves communities of microorganisms embedded in a protective extracellular matrix?

Biofilm formation Signup and view all the answers

How does non-genetic drug resistance differ from genetic drug resistance?

Non-genetic resistance does not involve genetic changes, unlike genetic resistance. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to non-genetic drug resistance by providing a physical barrier limiting antimicrobial penetration?

Biofilm formation Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibiotic resistance involves a protective extracellular matrix that limits antimicrobial penetration?

Biofilm formation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of drug resistance, what do persister cells refer to?

Microorganisms that survive exposure to antimicrobial agents without genetic changes Signup and view all the answers

Cell Membrane Disruption by Polymyxins Quiz

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Questions and Answers

In which scenario is combination therapy often initiated empirically?

Why is combination therapy used initially in cancer patients with neutropenia?

Why is combining antibiotics with different mechanisms of action recommended?

What is a common example of a synergistic combination in antibiotic therapy?

When is combination therapy recommended in cases involving multiple types of microorganisms?

What effect does combining a beta-lactam antibiotic with a beta-lactamase inhibitor have on the spectrum of activity?

How do metabolic inhibitors like sulfonamides disrupt bacterial growth?

What is the role of trimethoprim in bacterial growth inhibition?

Why is the combination of sulfonamides and trimethoprim often used synergistically?

How do sulfonamides affect nucleic acid synthesis in bacteria?

Which enzyme does trimethoprim inhibit to disrupt bacterial growth?

What is the primary target of sulfonamides in bacterial cells?

What is the main difference between genetic and non-genetic drug resistance?

Which mechanism of resistance involves communities of microorganisms embedded in a protective extracellular matrix?

How does non-genetic drug resistance differ from genetic drug resistance?

Which factor contributes to non-genetic drug resistance by providing a physical barrier limiting antimicrobial penetration?

What type of antibiotic resistance involves a protective extracellular matrix that limits antimicrobial penetration?

In the context of drug resistance, what do persister cells refer to?

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