Cell Membrane and Transport Mechanisms Quiz

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, without the need for energy.

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration with the assistance of carrier proteins.

The process by which cells use energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

The ability of a substance to dissolve in lipids (fats).

Channels in the cell membrane that allow the passage of specific molecules or ions. These channels can open and close in response to signals.

A type of protein channel control where the channel opens or closes in response to changes in the electrical potential across the cell membrane.

A type of protein channel control where the channel opens or closes in response to the binding of a specific molecule.

A type of protein channel control where the channel opens or closes in response to mechanical stimuli, such as pressure or stretching.

The process where the inside of a cell membrane changes from negatively charged to positively charged.

Sodium channels open, allowing a massive influx of sodium ions into the cell, causing a rapid change in membrane potential.

The return of the cell membrane to its resting negative charge after depolarization.

Potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the cell, restoring the negative charge inside.

A protein channel controlled by the binding of a specific chemical substance, like acetylcholine.

The movement of glucose into a cell through a carrier protein, down its concentration gradient.

A type of facilitated diffusion where glucose is transported across cell membranes with the help of a protein.

The movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

A solution with the same concentration of solutes as another solution.

The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is influenced by the concentration of solutes on either side. If the concentration of solutes is higher outside the cell, water will move out of the cell and vice versa.

The movement of molecules across a membrane without requiring energy. This type of transport occurs from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

A biological membrane that allows some molecules to pass through while blocking others.

Active transport that directly uses ATP to move molecules across the membrane.

Active transport that uses the energy from the movement of one molecule down its concentration gradient to move another molecule against its concentration gradient.

A type of active transport where one molecule is transported across the membrane.

A type of active transport where two molecules are transported in the same direction across the membrane.

A type of active transport where two molecules are transported in opposite directions across the membrane.

A protein pump that moves sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell, using energy from ATP.

The difference in electrical charge across a cell membrane. In nerve cells, the inside is typically negatively charged compared to the outside.

A primary active transport mechanism that moves calcium ions from the cytosol of a cell into internal storage sacs.

A protein pump that actively transports hydrogen ions (H+) into the stomach, making it acidic.

A protein pump that actively transports hydrogen ions (H+) out of the body, mainly in the kidneys.

The difference in concentration of a substance across a cell membrane.

Vesicular transport is a process where large molecules are moved into or out of a cell enclosed within a membrane-bound sac called a vesicle. This is in contrast to protein pumps, which move smaller molecules through the cell membrane.

Exocytosis refers to the process of releasing substances from the cell. During exocytosis, a vesicle containing the substance fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents outside the cell.

Endocytosis involves the uptake of molecules into the cell by engulfing them in a small pocket of the plasma membrane (the cell's outer membrane).

Phagocytosis is a type of endocytosis where a cell engulfs large solid particles, like bacteria or debris, to break them down.

Pinocytosis is a type of endocytosis where the cell takes in small droplets of extracellular fluid. It is a non-selective process, meaning it takes in whatever is present in the fluid.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a type of endocytosis that is specific for certain molecules. This is achieved through the binding of these molecules to specific receptors on the cell's surface.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. In phagocytosis, lysosomes fuse with the phagosome (vesicle containing engulfed particles) and digest the particles.