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Questions and Answers
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane forms the outer boundary of an animal cell and sits just inside the cell wall of a plant cell. It is selectively permeable, meaning it controls what substances can enter and leave the cell.
Passive transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane.
Passive transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane.
False (B)
Which of the following describes active transport?
Which of the following describes active transport?
- Movement of substances across a membrane against their concentration gradients. (correct)
- Diffusion of water across a membrane.
- Movement of substances across a membrane down their concentration gradients.
- Movement of molecules through carrier proteins.
What is simple diffusion?
What is simple diffusion?
How does facilitated transport differ from simple diffusion?
How does facilitated transport differ from simple diffusion?
What is osmosis?
What is osmosis?
What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?
In a hypertonic solution:
In a hypertonic solution:
What is an isotonic solution?
What is an isotonic solution?
Flashcards
Cell membrane
Cell membrane
the outer boundary of an animal cell and sits just inside the cell wall in a plant cell; controls what enters and leaves the cell.
Passive transport
Passive transport
movement of substances across a cell membrane without the cell using energy.
Active transport
Active transport
movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy.
Simple diffusion
Simple diffusion
the movement of substances across a membrane from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
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Facilitated diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
the movement of substances across a membrane with the help of transport proteins.
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Osmosis
Osmosis
the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.
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Hypotonic solution
Hypotonic solution
a solution with a lower concentration of solutes than the cell, causing the cell to gain water and expand.
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Hypertonic solution
Hypertonic solution
a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than the cell, causing the cell to lose water and shrink.
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Isotonic solution
Isotonic solution
a solution with the same concentration of solutes as the cell, causing the cell to remain the same size.
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Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
the process by which a cell engulfs a large particle or another cell.
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Pinocytosis
Pinocytosis
the process by which a cell takes in small amounts of fluid.
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Exocytosis
Exocytosis
the process by which a cell releases substances from inside the cell to the outside.
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Endocytosis
Endocytosis
the process by which a cell brings substances from the outside to the inside.
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
a type of endocytosis where a cell ingests a specific substance using receptors on its surface.
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Concentration gradient
Concentration gradient
the difference in concentration of a substance across a membrane.
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Selective permeability
Selective permeability
the ability of a membrane to allow some substances to pass through while blocking others.
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Transport proteins
Transport proteins
proteins that help move substances across a membrane.
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Channel protein
Channel protein
a type of transport protein that forms a channel through the membrane.
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Carrier protein
Carrier protein
a type of transport protein that binds to a substance and changes shape to move it across the membrane.
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Active carrier protein
Active carrier protein
a type of carrier protein that uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
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Cell Membrane
- Forms the outer boundary of animal cells, and lies just inside the cell wall in plant cells.
- Selectively permeable, controlling what enters and exits the cell.
Passive Transport
- Substances move across the membrane from high to low concentration.
- This movement does not require energy.
Active Transport
- Movement of small molecules or ions against their concentration gradient through the membrane.
- Requires energy input.
Simple Diffusion (Passive)
- Movement of water, dissolved gases across the phospholipid bilayer membrane.
- Substance moves from high concentration to low concentration.
Facilitated Transport (Passive)
- Movement of water, ions, or water-soluble molecules through membrane channels or carrier proteins.
- Movement from high to low concentration.
Osmosis (Passive)
- The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
- Water moves from high water concentration to low water concentration
Hypotonic Solution
- Lower solute concentration than the cell.
- Higher water concentration than the cell.
- Cell swells or bursts.
Hypertonic Solution
- Higher solute concentration than the cell.
- Lower water concentration than the cell.
- Cell shrinks or shrivels.
Isotonic Solution
- Same solute concentration as the cell.
- Same water concentration as the cell.
- Cell size remains constant.
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