24 Questions
Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid and steroid synthesis
During which phase of the cell cycle does growth factor affect the cell?
G1
What is the mechanism by which lactic acid and amino acids are converted to glucose?
Gluconeogenesis
Which of the following is NOT a component of the nucleolus?
Double membrane
What is the role of transcription factors in gene transcription?
Bind RNA polymerase and initiate transcription
Which hormone binds a receptor in the cytoplasm before entering the nucleus to act as a transcription factor?
Thyroid hormone
What is the primary function of lysosomes?
Degrading engulfed particles and worn-out organelles
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?
Metaphase
What is the source of pyruvate molecules for the Krebs cycle?
Glucose breakdown in glycolysis
Which signaling pathway involves cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate?
Phospholipase C pathway
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA and catalyzing mRNA synthesis during transcription?
RNA polymerase
Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins with carbohydrates and transporting them to the cellular membrane or lysosomes?
Golgi apparatus
What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Increase membrane fluidity
What is the role of Na/K ATPase in maintaining cell function?
It creates a Na+ gradient used for co-transport of molecules
Which ion has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid?
Na+
What is the primary function of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?
Act as adhesion molecules between cells
What is the general function of gap junctions in cell physiology?
Allow communication between cells
What is the primary function of G proteins in the cell membrane?
Transduce signal from receptor to response enzyme
Which type of cell surface receptor is activated by binding resulting in a conformational change, opening or activating the channel?
Ligand-activated ion channel
What is the main purpose of ligand-triggered protein kinase receptors?
(B) Ligand-activated protein kinase; binding activates the kinase domain, which phosphorylates substrate proteins.
What do tight junctions form in epithelial cells?
Impermeable barriers
What is the primary function of ligand-activated protein kinases?
To phosphorylate substrate proteins
Which molecule regulates membrane fluidity by increasing or decreasing cholesterol synthesis?
Cholesterol
What are organic anions primarily responsible for inside the cell?
Maintaining osmotic balance
Test your knowledge about the cell membrane, including its structure, functions, and the role of electrolyte concentrations in maintaining cell homeostasis. Explore concepts such as lipid bilayer, protein channels, Na/K ATPase, and electrolyte gradients.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
