1 Cell Biology
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  • Increased in pancreatic acinar cells
  • Synthesizes proteins for export
  • Detoxifies drugs
  • Lipid and steroid synthesis (correct)
  • During which phase of the cell cycle does growth factor affect the cell?

  • S
  • M
  • G2
  • G1 (correct)
  • What is the mechanism by which lactic acid and amino acids are converted to glucose?

  • Gluconeogenesis (correct)
  • Cori cycle
  • Krebs cycle
  • Glucagon signaling pathway
  • Which of the following is NOT a component of the nucleolus?

    <p>Double membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcription factors in gene transcription?

    <p>Bind RNA polymerase and initiate transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone binds a receptor in the cytoplasm before entering the nucleus to act as a transcription factor?

    <p>Thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes?

    <p>Degrading engulfed particles and worn-out organelles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of pyruvate molecules for the Krebs cycle?

    <p>Glucose breakdown in glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling pathway involves cleavage of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate?

    <p>Phospholipase C pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA and catalyzing mRNA synthesis during transcription?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for modifying proteins with carbohydrates and transporting them to the cellular membrane or lysosomes?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>Increase membrane fluidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Na/K ATPase in maintaining cell function?

    <p>It creates a Na+ gradient used for co-transport of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid?

    <p>Na+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?

    <p>Act as adhesion molecules between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general function of gap junctions in cell physiology?

    <p>Allow communication between cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of G proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Transduce signal from receptor to response enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell surface receptor is activated by binding resulting in a conformational change, opening or activating the channel?

    <p>Ligand-activated ion channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of ligand-triggered protein kinase receptors?

    <p>(B) Ligand-activated protein kinase; binding activates the kinase domain, which phosphorylates substrate proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tight junctions form in epithelial cells?

    <p>Impermeable barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligand-activated protein kinases?

    <p>To phosphorylate substrate proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule regulates membrane fluidity by increasing or decreasing cholesterol synthesis?

    <p>Cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are organic anions primarily responsible for inside the cell?

    <p>Maintaining osmotic balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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