Cell Junctions and Tissue Types Quiz

Questions and Answers

What are cell junctions?

Contact points between the plasma membranes of tissue cells

What are the types of cell junctions? (Select all that apply)

Tight Junctions (correct)

Gap Junctions (correct)

Adherens Junctions (correct)

Herhidemosomes (correct)

Desmosomes (correct)

What is a gap junction?

Connexons connect neighboring cells to rapidly move energy or electricity to other cells.

What is a tissue?

Group of similar cells that perform specific functions Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of tissues? (Select all that apply)

Epithelial Signup and view all the answers

What is epithelium tissue?

Closely packed cells arranged in continuous sheets that form the outer covering of the body, line body cavities, and cover some internal organs. Avascular, and reproduce readily. Signup and view all the answers

What is the apical surface?

Surface that faces the body surface - internally or externally. Signup and view all the answers

What is the basal surface?

Opposite of apical surface - adheres to the basement membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is a basement membrane?

Basal lamina and reticular lamina. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between vascular and avascular tissues?

Vascular has its own nerve supply, while avascular does not. Signup and view all the answers

How is epithelial tissue classified?

By the number of layers (Simple vs. Stratified) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'simple' refer to in epithelial classification?

Single layer of cells that allows for diffusion, osmosis, secretion, excretion, absorption, and filtration. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stratified' refer to in epithelial classification?

Multiple layers of cells stacked on top of each other for protection. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pseudostratified' mean?

Looks like multiple layers but all cells touch the basal surface. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'squamous'?

Thin and flat cells. Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of cubic epithelial cells?

Cube shaped Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of columnar epithelial cells?

Cells arranged in columns. Signup and view all the answers

What does transitional epithelium do?

Cells appear one way but change shape under different conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is glandular epithelium?

Cells that lie in clusters deep to covering and lining epithelium, producing secretions. Signup and view all the answers

What are endocrine glands?

Glands whose secretions (hormones) enter the interstitial fluid and diffuse directly into the bloodstream without flowing into a duct. Signup and view all the answers

What are exocrine glands?

Glands that produce a secretion into a duct system that empties directly onto the surface of the body or into a cavity. Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of connective tissues? (Select all that apply)

Dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is connective tissue?

Most abundant in the body, derived from mesenchyme, vascular, deep to epithelium. Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of connective tissue? (Select all that apply)

Binding Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of connective tissue?

Cells vs. Extracellular matrix -> Ground substance vs. Fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What does '___blast' refer to?

Immature cell Signup and view all the answers

What does '____cyte' refer to?

Mature cell Signup and view all the answers

What does 'osteo' refer to?

Bone Signup and view all the answers

What does 'chondro' refer to?

Cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What are fibroblasts?

Cells that secrete substances of the extracellular matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of defensive cells? (Select all that apply)

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What are adipocytes?

Cells that store energy through triglycerides. Signup and view all the answers

What is the extracellular matrix?

Contains ground substance and fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What does ground substance do?

Supports cells and binds them together - stores water. Signup and view all the answers

What types of fibers are found in connective tissues? (Select all that apply)

Collagen Signup and view all the answers

What are collagen fibers?

Strength Signup and view all the answers

What are elastic fibers?

Elasticity or stretch. Signup and view all the answers

What are reticular fibers?

Support. Signup and view all the answers

What is Ehlers Danlos Syndrome?

Efficient in collagen - stretchy skin - no collagen between joints. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of loose connective tissue? (Select all that apply)

Areolar Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of dense connective tissue? (Select all that apply)

Elastic Signup and view all the answers

What is regular connective tissue?

All fibers are parallel. Signup and view all the answers

What is irregular connective tissue?

Fibers are arranged in all different directions. Signup and view all the answers

What is elastic connective tissue?

Found in lungs and arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is cartilage?

Avascular with types including hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage, and bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is hyaline cartilage?

Most abundant, flexible, provides support, reduces friction, absorbs shock. The weakest of cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What is elastic cartilage?

Strong and elastic. Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrocartilage?

Strongest cartilage - very thick, lacks perichondrium. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of muscle tissue? (Select all that apply)

Cardiac Signup and view all the answers

What is skeletal muscle?

Attaches to bone, voluntary, striated, multinucleated. Signup and view all the answers

Voluntary muscle is controlled by the body without your knowledge.

False Signup and view all the answers

Multinucleated muscle has one nucleus.

False Signup and view all the answers

Striated muscle appears striped.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac tissue?

Involuntary, striated, uninucleated, found in the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is smooth tissue?

Involuntary, no striations, uninucleated, spindle-shaped cells found in the walls of hollow structures. Signup and view all the answers

What is nerve tissue?

Tissue in the nervous system. Signup and view all the answers

What are the cell types of nerve tissue? (Select all that apply)

Neuroglia Signup and view all the answers

What are neurons?

Nerve cells with structure including cell body, axon, and dendrites. Signup and view all the answers

What are neuroglia?

Protective and supporting cells. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Junctions

Cell junctions are contact points between plasma membranes of adjacent tissue cells.
Five main types of cell junctions: Tight Junctions, Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes, Hemidesmosomes, and Gap Junctions.

Gap Junctions

Comprised of connexons, facilitating rapid energy or electrical transfer between neighboring cells, functioning like "tunnels."

Tissue Types

Four primary tissue types: Epithelial, Connective, Nervous, and Muscular.
Tissues consist of groups of similar cells performing specific functions.

Epithelial Tissue

Characterized by closely packed cells arranged in continuous sheets.
Forms outer body coverings, lines cavities, and covers organs.
Avascular and capable of rapid reproduction.

Surfaces of Epithelia

Apical surface: Faces the body surface, both internally or externally.
Basal surface: Adheres to the basement membrane.

Basement Membrane

Comprises the basal lamina and reticular lamina, providing support and anchoring epithelial tissues.

Vascularity in Tissues

Avascular tissues do not have a direct blood supply, while vascular tissues have their own supply.

Classification of Epithelia

Classified by cell layers (Simple vs. Stratified) and cell shape (Squamous, Cuboidal, Columnar).
Simple epithelium allows diffusion and absorption, whereas stratified epithelium provides protection.

Epithelial Shapes

Squamous: Thin and flat cells.
Cuboidal: Cube-shaped cells.
Columnar: Tall, column-like cells.
Transitional: Cells that change shape under different conditions.

Glandular Epithelium

Composed of cells in clusters that produce secretions; categorized into endocrine and exocrine glands.

Endocrine vs. Exocrine Glands

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, bypassing ducts.
Exocrine glands release secretions through ducts onto body surfaces or into cavities.

Gland Types

Gland types include Tubular (tube-like), Acinar (round), and Tubuloacinar (both).

Modes of Secretion

Merocrine: Glands secrete via vesicles (most common).
Apocrine: Glands lose a portion of the cell during secretion.
Holocrine: Entire cell ruptures, releasing its contents.

Connective Tissue

The most abundant tissue type in the body, derived from mesenchyme, has a vascular supply, and is classified based on its composition.

Functions of Connective Tissue

Provides protection, support, binding, insulation, and transportation.

Composition of Connective Tissue

Consists of cells and an extracellular matrix, which includes ground substance and fibers.

Cell Types in Connective Tissue

"Blast" cells are immature forms that typically secrete extracellular matrix components.
"Cyte" cells are mature forms of connective tissue cells.

Types of Connective Tissue

Includes Loose connective tissue (Areolar, Reticular, Adipose) and Dense connective tissue (Regular, Irregular, Elastic).
Adipocytes specialize in energy storage through triglycerides.

Cartilage Types

Hyaline cartilage: Most abundant, provides flexible support and reduces friction.
Elastic cartilage: Strong and elastic.
Fibrocartilage: Strongest type, lacks perichondrium.

Muscle Tissue

Composed of three types: Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth.
Skeletal muscle is striated, voluntary, and multinucleated; it attaches to bones.
Cardiac muscle is striated, involuntary, and uninucleated; found in the heart.
Smooth muscle is non-striated, involuntary, and uninucleated; located in the walls of hollow structures.

Nerve Tissue

Composed of neurons and neuroglia.
Neurons consist of a cell body, axon, and dendrites, functioning in signal transmission.
Neuroglia includes protective and supportive cells for neurons.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cell junctions and the various types of tissues in the human body. This quiz covers key concepts such as tight junctions, epithelial tissue, and the structure of junctions in different tissue types. Perfect for students studying biology or anatomy!