Cell Injury: reversible vs irreversible
51 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the first type of alteration seen when a cell is injured?

  • Light microscopic changes
  • Ultrastructural changes
  • Biochemical alterations (correct)
  • Gross morphologic changes

    • Which sequence correctly represents the progression of changes seen in cell injury?

  • Gross morphologic changes → Biochemical alterations → Ultrastructural changes → Light microscopic changes
  • Biochemical alterations → Ultrastructural changes → Light microscopic changes → Gross morphologic changes (correct)
  • Ultrastructural changes → Biochemical alterations → Light microscopic changes → Gross morphologic changes
  • Light microscopic changes → Biochemical alterations → Gross morphologic changes → Ultrastructural changes

    • What is the definition of acute cell swelling?

  • A lethal injury causing cell lysis
  • An early, sub-lethal manifestation of cell damage characterized by increased cell size and volume due to water overload (correct)
  • A chronic degenerative process leading to cell atrophy
  • A sudden loss of cell membrane integrity due to enzymatic degradation

    • Which cells are highly vulnerable to hypoxia and cell swelling?

    <p>Cardiomyocytes, proximal renal tubule epithelium, hepatocytes, and neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acute cell swelling?

    <p>Loss of ionic and fluid homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of acute cell swelling

    <p>Excessive collagen deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism behind acute cell swelling?

    <p>Failure of ATP-dependent ion pumps leading to Na+ and water influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does an organ affected by acute cell swelling typically appear grossly?

    <p>Swollen with rounded edges, increased pallor, and slightly heavy (“wet organ”)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cut surface of an organ affected by acute cell swelling?

    <p>It bulges out and does not return to normal position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key histologic feature of cellular swelling?

    <p>Enlarged cells with pale cytoplasm due to water uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nucleus in cells undergoing acute cell swelling?

    <p>It remains in its normal position with no morphological changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a plasma membrane alteration seen in cellular swelling?

    <p>Blebbing and loss of microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mitochondrial changes are observed in cellular swelling?

    <p>Mitochondrial swelling and the appearance of amorphous densities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cellular swelling?

    <p>It dilates, and ribosomes detach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nuclear alterations are seen in cellular swelling?

    <p>Disaggregation of granular and fibrillar components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cellular swelling differ from hypertrophy?

    <p>Cellular swelling is due to increased water uptake, while hypertrophy is due to increased organelles and protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the prognosis of cellular swelling?

    <p>The number of affected cells and their functional importance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the prognosis for cellular swelling considered good?

    <p>When oxygen is restored before the &quot;point of no return&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if cellular swelling progresses to irreversible injury?

    <p>The affected cells undergo necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a fatty change?

    <p>Accumulation of lipids within the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Normally a fatty change may be preceded or accompanied by cell swelling

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List all the major classes of lipids (discussed in class) that can accumulate in cells due to a fatty change (hint: 4)

    <p>Triglycerides, cholesterol/cholesterol esters, phospholipids, abnormal complexes of lipids and carbohydrates (lysosomal storage disease)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of fatty change?

    <p>A lethal injury characterized by mitochondrial swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is lipidosis?

    <p>The accumulation of triglycerides and other lipid metabolites within parenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organ is most commonly affected by lipidosis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism leading to fatty change in hepatocytes?

    <p>Impaired metabolism of fatty acids leading to accumulation of triglycerides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the (three) etiologic causes of fatty change?

    <p>Hypoxia, toxicity and metabolic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major mechanism contributing to hepatic lipidosis?

    <p>Increased synthesis of apoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical gross appearance of a liver affected by fatty change?

    <p>Diffusely yellow, soft, and greasy, friable tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which species is particularly prone to hepatic lipidosis due to pregnancy toxemia and ketosis?

    <p>Ruminants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the following conditions is hepatic lipidosis commonly observed?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the (three) etiologies of hepatic lipidosis?

    <p>Nutritional disorders, endocrine diseases and genetic disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic histologic feature of fatty change in hepatocytes?

    <p>Large, well-delineated, lipid-filled vacuoles in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the nucleus in hepatocytes undergoing fatty change?

    <p>It is displaced to the periphery of the cell by large lipid vacuoles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prognosis of fatty change is irreversible and the hepatocytes die.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following morphological changes is a hallmark of irreversible cell injury?

    <p>Severe mitochondrial swelling and rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the three morphological hallmarks of irreversible cell injury

    <p>Severe swelling of mitochondria, extensive damage to plasma membranes, and swelling of lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of necrosis?

    <p>Uncontrolled cell death caused by external factors, leading to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

    <p>Necrosis involves inflammation, while apoptosis does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes is responsible for the morphological features of necrosis?

    <p>Denaturation of proteins and enzymatic digestion of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you describe the gross appearance of necrosis?

    <p>Multiple soft, friable, slightly depressed foci sharply demarcated from viable tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the six types of oncotic necrosis?

    <p>Coagulative necrosis, caseous necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, gangrenous necrosis, fat necrosis and fibrinoid necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of necrosis is commonly associated with ischemia and hypoxia?

    <p>Coagulative necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is most susceptible to liquefactive necrosis?

    <p>Brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of gangrenous necrosis?

    <p>Ischemia, typically in the extremities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between dry and wet gangrene?

    <p>Wet gangrene is characterized by bacterial infection and tissue liquefaction, while dry gangrene results from ischemia without infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic appearance of caseous necrosis?

    <p>Cheese-like, friable, and crumbly appearance (dead WBC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of fat necrosis?

    <p>Enzymatic necrosis, traumatic necrosis of fat and necrosis of abdominal fat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is often associated with traumatic fat necrosis in cattle?

    <p>Recumbency leading to fat trauma at the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main histological feature of fibrinoid necrosis?

    <p>Eosinophilic fibrin-like deposits in vessel walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrinoid necrosis is most commonly associated with which condition?

    <p>Immune-mediated vasculitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser