Cell Injury and Death Sequence Quiz

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What are the early functional changes seen in cell injury?

Enhanced cell membrane integrity

Increased ATP production

Defects in protein synthesis (correct)

Decreased generation of DNA

Which morphological changes are associated with reversible injury?

Plasma membrane alterations and dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (correct)

Nuclear changes of pyknosis and fragmentation

Extensive damage to all cellular membranes

Swelling of lysosomes and vacuolization of mitochondria

In irreversible injury, what leads to the activation of enzymes that catabolize membranes, proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids?

Extracellular calcium entering the cell (correct)

Continued loss of proteins through the plasma membrane

Swelling of lysosomes and vacuolization of mitochondria

Release of intracellular calcium from stores

Which type of necrosis is characteristic of hypoxic death of cells in the central nervous system?

Liquefactive necrosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of apoptosis compared to necrosis?

Fragmentation of DNA within the nucleus (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves individual cell deletion in physiological growth control and disease?

Apoptosis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of apoptotic cells?

Loss of cytoskeletal framework and DNA fragmentation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are the components involved in haemostasis?

Vascular Wall, Platelets, The Coagulation Cascades (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes thrombosis from normal hemostasis?

Formation of a solid mass within the vascular system (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to arterial and cardiac thrombosis by causing mechanical damage and damaging the exposed endothelium?

Stasis of blood flow (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition can trigger arterial thrombosis due to the pressure of the tumor against the vein?

Cancer (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common site for arterial thrombosis?

Renal arteries (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main consequence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) involving the propagation of the thrombus?

Embolization (A) Signup and view all the answers

In what type of blood vessel does venous thrombosis mostly occur?

Deep veins (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of venous thrombosis?

Stasis of blood flow (C) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers arterial thrombosis in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves?

Reduced blood flow (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of arterial thrombosis that is frequently occlusive?

Ischemia at various sites (D) Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a patient require continuous anticoagulation therapy?

Prosthetic cardiac valves implantation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition can result in arterial thrombosis due to prolonged bed rest or immobilization?

Myocardial infarction (C) Signup and view all the answers