19 Questions
What are the early functional changes seen in cell injury?
Defects in protein synthesis
Which morphological changes are associated with reversible injury?
Plasma membrane alterations and dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum
In irreversible injury, what leads to the activation of enzymes that catabolize membranes, proteins, ATP, and nucleic acids?
Extracellular calcium entering the cell
Which type of necrosis is characteristic of hypoxic death of cells in the central nervous system?
Liquefactive necrosis
What is a distinguishing feature of apoptosis compared to necrosis?
Fragmentation of DNA within the nucleus
Which process involves individual cell deletion in physiological growth control and disease?
Apoptosis
What are the characteristics of apoptotic cells?
Loss of cytoskeletal framework and DNA fragmentation
What are the components involved in haemostasis?
Vascular Wall, Platelets, The Coagulation Cascades
What distinguishes thrombosis from normal hemostasis?
Formation of a solid mass within the vascular system
Which factor contributes to arterial and cardiac thrombosis by causing mechanical damage and damaging the exposed endothelium?
Stasis of blood flow
What condition can trigger arterial thrombosis due to the pressure of the tumor against the vein?
Cancer
Which of the following is NOT a common site for arterial thrombosis?
Renal arteries
What is the main consequence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) involving the propagation of the thrombus?
Embolization
In what type of blood vessel does venous thrombosis mostly occur?
Deep veins
What is the primary cause of venous thrombosis?
Stasis of blood flow
What triggers arterial thrombosis in patients with prosthetic cardiac valves?
Reduced blood flow
What is the outcome of arterial thrombosis that is frequently occlusive?
Ischemia at various sites
In which scenario would a patient require continuous anticoagulation therapy?
Prosthetic cardiac valves implantation
What condition can result in arterial thrombosis due to prolonged bed rest or immobilization?
Myocardial infarction
Test your knowledge on the sequence of events in cell injury, from reversible changes to irreversible cell death. Explore the early functional changes and morphological alterations associated with reversible injury.
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