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Questions and Answers
What is a distinguishing characteristic of caseous necrosis?
What is a distinguishing characteristic of caseous necrosis?
Which process is primarily associated with fat necrosis?
Which process is primarily associated with fat necrosis?
What is the appearance of necrotic tissue in cases of gangrene?
What is the appearance of necrotic tissue in cases of gangrene?
What unique feature is observed in fibrinoid necrosis?
What unique feature is observed in fibrinoid necrosis?
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In necrosis caused by acute pancreatitis, what mechanism contributes to tissue damage?
In necrosis caused by acute pancreatitis, what mechanism contributes to tissue damage?
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What factors primarily influence the extent of cell injury and death?
What factors primarily influence the extent of cell injury and death?
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Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with the myocardium?
Which type of necrosis is most commonly associated with the myocardium?
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What characterizes liquefactive necrosis?
What characterizes liquefactive necrosis?
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Which of the following is NOT a category of cell injury?
Which of the following is NOT a category of cell injury?
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What happens during reversible cell injury?
What happens during reversible cell injury?
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Which of the following statements about apoptosis is accurate?
Which of the following statements about apoptosis is accurate?
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In which scenario would necrosis most likely occur?
In which scenario would necrosis most likely occur?
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What is the outcome of irreversibly injured cells?
What is the outcome of irreversibly injured cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Injury and Death
- Injury to cells can happen in many ways.
- The severity of injury depends on the intensity and duration of the injury, and the type of cell.
- There are five main categories of cell injury:
- Physical agents
- Radiation injury
- Chemical injury
- Biologic agents
- Nutritional imbalances
- Cell injury can be reversible or irreversible.
- Reversible injury is sublethal.
- Irreversible injury is lethal.
Cell Death
- Cell death is regulated by the balance of cell proliferation and cell death.
- Two main types of cell death are necrosis and apoptosis.
Apoptosis
- Apoptotic cell death is controlled cell destruction, and is involved in normal cell deletion and renewal.
Necrosis
- Necrosis is cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living person.
- Types of necrosis include:
- Coagulative necrosis
- Liquefactive necrosis
- Caseous necrosis
- Fat necrosis
- Gangrene necrosis
- Fibrinoid necrosis
Coagulative Necrosis
- This commonly occurs in the heart, kidneys and spleen, but can occur in most tissues.
- The dead tissue is initially swollen, gray and firm.
- It later softens due to macrophage digestion.
Liquefactive Necrosis
- Occurs characteristically in the brain.
- Cellular destruction is by hydrolytic enzymes.
Caseous Necrosis
- Characteristic of tuberculosis (TB).
- There are variable amounts of fat, and an appearance of “cottage cheese” (cheesy material by infiltration of fat-like substances).
Fat Necrosis
- Adipose tissue damage caused by:
- Direct trauma
- Enzymatic lipolysis: in acute pancreatitis
- Insoluble Ca+2 salts appear as whitish chalky areas scattered within normal adipose tissue (saponification)
Gangrene Necrosis
- Necrosis tissue is invaded by putrefaction organisms, notably clostridia.
- The tissue appears green or black because of the breakdown of hemoglobin.
Fibrinoid Necrosis
- Small arteries and arterioles can be severely damaged in malignant hypertension, leading to necrosis with a pink fibrin-like appearance—fibrinoid necrosis
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different types of cell injury and death. This quiz covers key concepts including reversible and irreversible injuries, necrosis, and apoptosis. Understand how cells respond to various stressors and the mechanisms behind cell death.
