Lecture 4

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What is the result of the breakdown of plasma membrane and organelles in necrotic cells?

Nuclear changes

Calcification

Increased eosinophilia

Release of cellular contents (correct)

What type of necrosis preserves the basic outline of the necrotic cells for several days?

Coagulative necrosis (correct)

Liquefactive necrosis

Pyknosis

Karyorrhexis

What is the result of the concurrent processes in necrosis?

Enzymatic digestion of lethally damaged cells and denaturation of proteins (correct)

Controlled cell death and reversible injury

Reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction and restoration of membrane function

Cell membrane rupture and inflammatory response

What is the consequence of lysis of DNA by endonucleases in necrotic cells?

Karyolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical significance of necrosis?

It allows for the detection of tissue-specific cell injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the nuclear shrinkage and increased nuclear basophilia in necrotic cells?

Pyknosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between apoptosis and necrosis?

Apoptosis is controlled cell death, while necrosis is uncontrolled cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the condensation of DNA into a solid, shrunken basophilic mass in necrotic cells?

Pyknosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of lysosomal membrane disruption in necrosis?

Release of enzymes that digest the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of protein denaturation in necrosis?

Lethal damage to the cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of necrosis?

Uncontrolled cell death with loss of membrane integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the preservation of basic tissue architecture in cell components?

Denaturation of structural and enzymatic proteins Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis is typically seen in the brain?

Liquefactive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the areas of ischemic necrosis in all solid organs?

Infarct Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of caseous necrosis that distinguishes it from coagulative necrosis?

Tissue architecture is completely obliterated Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of bacterial infection superimposed on coagulative necrosis in a limb?

Wet gangrene Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of liquefactive necrosis?

Complete digestion of dead cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of focal bacterial and fungal infections?

Accumulation of phagocytes and enzymes that digest tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of necrosis occurs in the brain due to infarct/hypoxia?

Liquefactive necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What happens to necrotic cells if they are not completely destroyed and reabsorbed?

They attract calcium salts and become calcified Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of apoptosis?

Self-suicide or programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of fat necrosis?

White chalky areas with basophilic calcium deposits Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between necrosis and apoptosis in terms of cell membrane integrity?

Necrosis has a disrupted cell membrane, while apoptosis has an intact cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of progressive shortening of chromosomal ends (telomeres)?

Decreased cellular replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the state of cells that have reached the end of their proliferating capacity?

Replicative senescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of telomeres in cellular replication?

To ensure complete replication of DNA Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of decreased telomerase activity in somatic cells?

Decreased cellular replication Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of cellular aging in terms of DNA damage?

Increased DNA damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of shortened telomeres in normal cells?

Cells exit the cell cycle and are unable to generate new cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of dystrophic calcification?

It occurs in nonviable or dying tissues and is associated with normal serum levels of calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of telomerase reactivation in cancer cells?

Telomeres are lengthened Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal deposition of calcium salts into tissues?

Pathologic calcification Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between metastatic and dystrophic calcification?

Metastatic calcification is associated with hypercalcemia, while dystrophic calcification is associated with normal serum levels of calcium Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of shortened telomeres in cancer cells?

Telomeres are maintained at a constant length Signup and view all the answers

What is the association between metastatic calcification and calcium levels?

It is associated with hypercalcemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of telomere shortening in normal cells?