Cell Injury and Adaptation Lecture

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What is homeostasis?

The tendency to stability in the normal body states of the organism (correct)
The ability of cells to adapt to stress or pathologic stimuli
A type of cell adaptation characterized by an increase in cell number
A type of cell adaptation characterized by a decrease in cell size

What is the primary goal of cell adaptation?

To increase cell size and number
To preserve cell viability and function (correct)
To induce cell death
To restore cell homeostasis

What is atrophy?

A decrease in cell size (correct)
An increase in cell number
A change in cell type
An increase in cell size

What is metaplasia?

A change in cell type (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between physiologic and pathologic adaptation?

Physiologic adaptation is normal, while pathologic adaptation is abnormal (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperplasia?

An increase in cell number (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is atrophy characterized as?

A diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part that was properly developed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between atrophy and hypoplasia?

Degree of development (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a lack of development of an organ or tissue?

Aplasia (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a progressive loss of vitality of certain tissues or organs?

Abiotrophy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the size of cells?

Hypertrophy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the number of cells?

Hyperplasia (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of hyperplasia in cells?

Increase in the number of cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells have very little capacity to regenerate or become hyperplastic?

Permanent cells, such as neurons and cardiac muscle myocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?

Mammary gland hyperplasia during pregnancy (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?

Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells, while hypertrophy is an increase in cell size (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a growth of the gingiva that can be indistinguishable from gingival hyperplasia?

Epulis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in epidermal hyperplasia?

Epidermal hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, invasive squamous cell carcinoma (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of myostatin protein?

To inhibit muscle growth and differentiation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a mutation in the myostatin gene in whippets?

A marked increase in muscle mass (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is metaplasia a response to?

Chronic irritation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cause of congenital muscular hyperplasia (double muscling)?

Defects in the myostatin gene (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a decrease in the size of cells or organs?

Atrophy (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible outcome of metaplasia if the cause is not removed?

Increased propensity for malignant transformation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells is metaplasia most often seen in?

Epithelial cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the size of cells or organs?

Hypertrophy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe abnormal development of cells?

Dysplasia (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an increase in the number of cells or organs?