Cell Injury and Adaptation Lecture
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Questions and Answers

What is homeostasis?

  • The tendency to stability in the normal body states of the organism (correct)
  • The ability of cells to adapt to stress or pathologic stimuli
  • A type of cell adaptation characterized by an increase in cell number
  • A type of cell adaptation characterized by a decrease in cell size

    • What is the primary goal of cell adaptation?

  • To increase cell size and number
  • To preserve cell viability and function (correct)
  • To induce cell death
  • To restore cell homeostasis

    • What is atrophy?

  • A decrease in cell size (correct)
  • An increase in cell number
  • A change in cell type
  • An increase in cell size

    • What is metaplasia?

    <p>A change in cell type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between physiologic and pathologic adaptation?

    <p>Physiologic adaptation is normal, while pathologic adaptation is abnormal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperplasia?

    <p>An increase in cell number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is atrophy characterized as?

    <p>A diminution in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or part that was properly developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between atrophy and hypoplasia?

    <p>Degree of development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a lack of development of an organ or tissue?

    <p>Aplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a progressive loss of vitality of certain tissues or organs?

    <p>Abiotrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in the size of cells?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in the number of cells?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of hyperplasia in cells?

    <p>Increase in the number of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells have very little capacity to regenerate or become hyperplastic?

    <p>Permanent cells, such as neurons and cardiac muscle myocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of physiologic hyperplasia?

    <p>Mammary gland hyperplasia during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?

    <p>Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells, while hypertrophy is an increase in cell size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a growth of the gingiva that can be indistinguishable from gingival hyperplasia?

    <p>Epulis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events in epidermal hyperplasia?

    <p>Epidermal hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, invasive squamous cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myostatin protein?

    <p>To inhibit muscle growth and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a mutation in the myostatin gene in whippets?

    <p>A marked increase in muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metaplasia a response to?

    <p>Chronic irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of congenital muscular hyperplasia (double muscling)?

    <p>Defects in the myostatin gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a decrease in the size of cells or organs?

    <p>Atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible outcome of metaplasia if the cause is not removed?

    <p>Increased propensity for malignant transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells is metaplasia most often seen in?

    <p>Epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in the size of cells or organs?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe abnormal development of cells?

    <p>Dysplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increase in the number of cells or organs?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an increase in the number of cells?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reversible change in cell type in response to chronic irritation?

    <p>Metaplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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