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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of cellular adaptation?
What is the definition of cellular adaptation?
- Increase in the size of an organ by an increase in the number of its cells
- Reversible change in the number, size, or function of cells (correct)
- Irreversible change in the size of cells
- Decrease in the number of cells in an organ
Which of the following is NOT a cellular response to injury?
Which of the following is NOT a cellular response to injury?
- Hypertrophy
- Apoptosis (correct)
- Hyperplasia
- Atrophy
What is the meaning of 'atrophy'?
What is the meaning of 'atrophy'?
- Reversible change in the number of cells
- Increase in the size of an organ
- Decrease in the size of an organ by decrease in size or number of its cells (correct)
- Reversible change in the size or function of cells
When does cell injury occur?
When does cell injury occur?
Under what circumstances may cellular adaptation occur?
Under what circumstances may cellular adaptation occur?
What is metaplasia?
What is metaplasia?
Which term is used to describe an abnormal accumulation of intracellular neutral fat in parenchymatous organs, most commonly the liver and heart?
Which term is used to describe an abnormal accumulation of intracellular neutral fat in parenchymatous organs, most commonly the liver and heart?
What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?
What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?
What is the characteristic microscopic feature of irreversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?
What is the characteristic microscopic feature of irreversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?
Which condition results in an increase in the absolute number of cells in response to a stimulus or persistent cell injury?
Which condition results in an increase in the absolute number of cells in response to a stimulus or persistent cell injury?
What is the primary cause of necrosis involving living organisms?
What is the primary cause of necrosis involving living organisms?
What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?
What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?
Which term describes an increase in the size of individual cells in response to a stimulus or injury?
Which term describes an increase in the size of individual cells in response to a stimulus or injury?
What is the characteristic microscopic feature of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?
What is the characteristic microscopic feature of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?
What does hypertrophy primarily result in?
What does hypertrophy primarily result in?
What is the primary characteristic associated with metaplasia?
What is the primary characteristic associated with metaplasia?
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Study Notes
Cellular Adaptation and Injury
- Cellular adaptation is a reversible change in cellular structure and function in response to a stimulus or injury, allowing cells to adapt to new conditions.
Cellular Response to Injury
- Cell injury occurs when cells are exposed to physiological stress, toxins, or other harmful substances, disrupting cellular homeostasis.
Types of Cellular Adaptation
- Atrophy: a decrease in cell size or number in response to a stimulus or injury.
- Hypertrophy: an increase in cell size in response to a stimulus or injury, leading to an increase in organ size.
- Hyperplasia: an increase in the absolute number of cells in response to a stimulus or persistent cell injury.
Metaplasia
- Metaplasia: a reversible change from one adult cell type to another, often in response to chronic irritation or inflammation.
Fatty Change (Steatosis)
- Steatosis: an abnormal accumulation of intracellular neutral fat in parenchymatous organs, most commonly the liver and heart.
- Microscopic feature: accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, displacing other organelles.
Cell Injury
- Reversible cell injury: characterized by cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration, marked by cell swelling, mitochondrial damage, and impaired cellular functions.
- Irreversible cell injury: characterized by fatty change (steatosis), necrosis, or apoptosis.
Necrosis
- Necrosis: cell death caused by external factors, such as toxins, trauma, or ischemia, leading to inflammatory responses and tissue damage.
Cellular Responses
- Hypertrophy primarily results in an increase in organ size.
- Metaplasia is characterized by a change from one adult cell type to another.
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