Cell Injury and Adaptation Lecture Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of cellular adaptation?

  • Increase in the size of an organ by an increase in the number of its cells
  • Reversible change in the number, size, or function of cells (correct)
  • Irreversible change in the size of cells
  • Decrease in the number of cells in an organ
  • Which of the following is NOT a cellular response to injury?

  • Hypertrophy
  • Apoptosis (correct)
  • Hyperplasia
  • Atrophy
  • What is the meaning of 'atrophy'?

  • Reversible change in the number of cells
  • Increase in the size of an organ
  • Decrease in the size of an organ by decrease in size or number of its cells (correct)
  • Reversible change in the size or function of cells
  • When does cell injury occur?

    <p>When the limits to an adaptive response have been exceeded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances may cellular adaptation occur?

    <p>Excessive stress that exceeds the cell's adaptive capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is metaplasia?

    <p>Change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe an abnormal accumulation of intracellular neutral fat in parenchymatous organs, most commonly the liver and heart?

    <p>Fatty change (Steatosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?

    <p>Enlarged, soft, and pale organ with tense capsule and rounded borders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic microscopic feature of irreversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?

    <p>Clear vacuoles in liver cells that push the nucleus to one side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results in an increase in the absolute number of cells in response to a stimulus or persistent cell injury?

    <p>Hyperplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of necrosis involving living organisms?

    <p>Bacteria, fungus, and virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?

    <p>Enlarged, soft, and pale organ with tense capsule and rounded borders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes an increase in the size of individual cells in response to a stimulus or injury?

    <p>Hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic microscopic feature of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?

    <p>Swollen cells with granular cytoplasm and normal nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypertrophy primarily result in?

    <p>Increased size of an organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic associated with metaplasia?

    <p>Replacement of one mature cell type by another mature cell type of the same category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cellular Adaptation and Injury

    • Cellular adaptation is a reversible change in cellular structure and function in response to a stimulus or injury, allowing cells to adapt to new conditions.

    Cellular Response to Injury

    • Cell injury occurs when cells are exposed to physiological stress, toxins, or other harmful substances, disrupting cellular homeostasis.

    Types of Cellular Adaptation

    • Atrophy: a decrease in cell size or number in response to a stimulus or injury.
    • Hypertrophy: an increase in cell size in response to a stimulus or injury, leading to an increase in organ size.
    • Hyperplasia: an increase in the absolute number of cells in response to a stimulus or persistent cell injury.

    Metaplasia

    • Metaplasia: a reversible change from one adult cell type to another, often in response to chronic irritation or inflammation.

    Fatty Change (Steatosis)

    • Steatosis: an abnormal accumulation of intracellular neutral fat in parenchymatous organs, most commonly the liver and heart.
    • Microscopic feature: accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, displacing other organelles.

    Cell Injury

    • Reversible cell injury: characterized by cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration, marked by cell swelling, mitochondrial damage, and impaired cellular functions.
    • Irreversible cell injury: characterized by fatty change (steatosis), necrosis, or apoptosis.

    Necrosis

    • Necrosis: cell death caused by external factors, such as toxins, trauma, or ischemia, leading to inflammatory responses and tissue damage.

    Cellular Responses

    • Hypertrophy primarily results in an increase in organ size.
    • Metaplasia is characterized by a change from one adult cell type to another.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cellular responses to stress, adaptation, and cell injury with this quiz based on Lecture 4 by Dr. Manar Ahmed Abdelrahman. Explore the concepts of homeostasis, adaptive capacity, reversible and irreversible cell injury.

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