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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of cellular adaptation?
Which of the following is NOT a cellular response to injury?
What is the meaning of 'atrophy'?
When does cell injury occur?
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Under what circumstances may cellular adaptation occur?
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What is metaplasia?
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Which term is used to describe an abnormal accumulation of intracellular neutral fat in parenchymatous organs, most commonly the liver and heart?
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What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?
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What is the characteristic microscopic feature of irreversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?
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Which condition results in an increase in the absolute number of cells in response to a stimulus or persistent cell injury?
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What is the primary cause of necrosis involving living organisms?
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What is the main characteristic of reversible cell injury involving fatty change (steatosis)?
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Which term describes an increase in the size of individual cells in response to a stimulus or injury?
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What is the characteristic microscopic feature of reversible cell injury involving cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration?
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What does hypertrophy primarily result in?
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What is the primary characteristic associated with metaplasia?
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Study Notes
Cellular Adaptation and Injury
- Cellular adaptation is a reversible change in cellular structure and function in response to a stimulus or injury, allowing cells to adapt to new conditions.
Cellular Response to Injury
- Cell injury occurs when cells are exposed to physiological stress, toxins, or other harmful substances, disrupting cellular homeostasis.
Types of Cellular Adaptation
- Atrophy: a decrease in cell size or number in response to a stimulus or injury.
- Hypertrophy: an increase in cell size in response to a stimulus or injury, leading to an increase in organ size.
- Hyperplasia: an increase in the absolute number of cells in response to a stimulus or persistent cell injury.
Metaplasia
- Metaplasia: a reversible change from one adult cell type to another, often in response to chronic irritation or inflammation.
Fatty Change (Steatosis)
- Steatosis: an abnormal accumulation of intracellular neutral fat in parenchymatous organs, most commonly the liver and heart.
- Microscopic feature: accumulation of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, displacing other organelles.
Cell Injury
- Reversible cell injury: characterized by cloudy swelling and hydropic degeneration, marked by cell swelling, mitochondrial damage, and impaired cellular functions.
- Irreversible cell injury: characterized by fatty change (steatosis), necrosis, or apoptosis.
Necrosis
- Necrosis: cell death caused by external factors, such as toxins, trauma, or ischemia, leading to inflammatory responses and tissue damage.
Cellular Responses
- Hypertrophy primarily results in an increase in organ size.
- Metaplasia is characterized by a change from one adult cell type to another.
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Description
Test your knowledge of cellular responses to stress, adaptation, and cell injury with this quiz based on Lecture 4 by Dr. Manar Ahmed Abdelrahman. Explore the concepts of homeostasis, adaptive capacity, reversible and irreversible cell injury.
