Cell Fate Determination in Blastopore Cells Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct sequence of events in early nervous system development after egg fertilization?

  • Gastrulation, Cleavages to form Blastula, Formation of Brain, Neurulation
  • Cleavages to form Blastula, Gastrulation, Neurulation, Formation of Brain
  • Cleavages to form Blastula, Gastrulation, Formation of Brain, Neurulation (correct)
  • Gastrulation, Cleavages to form Blastula, Neurulation, Formation of Brain
  • Which process involves the migration of Neural Crest Cells to give rise to the Peripheral Nervous System?

  • Cell Migration (correct)
  • Cellular Proliferation
  • Establishment of Cellular Communication
  • Cellular Differentiation
  • What is the primary function of Glia in the nervous system?

  • Cellular Proliferation
  • Cellular Differentiation
  • Support and protect neurons (correct)
  • Neural Induction
  • Which organisms are commonly used as model organisms for studying early nervous system development?

    <p>Insects and Worms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the Central Nervous System?

    <p>Everything encompassed by bone like Cerebrum and Spinal Cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Organizer Region in neural plate formation?

    <p>It induces dorsal midline mesoderm to influence ectoderm to become Neural Plate ectoderm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of early development follows the Cleavages to form Blastula?

    <p>Gastrulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of neural induction, what did Toivonen and Wartiovaara's experiments suggest about the organizer region?

    <p>It secretes neuralizing factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of Cortical Lamination in nervous system development?

    <p>Formation of Brain Layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Grunz and Tacke propose based on their experiments in the late 1980s?

    <p>Neural fate is the default fate of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant outcome is observed when transplants from the dorsal lip of the blastopore are placed into the ventral region of a host embryo?

    <p>Formation of neural structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when neural cells receive low BMP signaling?

    <p>They acquire a neural fate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the formation of a multi-layered structure with a primitive gut?

    <p>Gastrulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of improper closure of the neural tube during neurulation?

    <p>Congenital birth defects like spina bifida</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Noggin in neural development?

    <p>It blocks BMP signaling to induce neural fate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following molecules is expressed in the dorsal mesoderm and in the organizer?

    <p>Chordin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blocking BMP-4 signaling affect ectodermal cells?

    <p>It induces expression of neural markers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Follistatin's role in neural development?

    <p>It promotes the formation of a secondary neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of BMP-4 in ectodermal cells?

    <p>Promotes expression of epidermal genes only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the default fate of ectodermal cells?

    <p>Becoming neural cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signaling pathway blocks Neural Induction and induces expression of epidermal specific genes?

    <p>BMP signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the organizer favor neural fate?

    <p>By inhibiting BMP signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals are responsible for establishing the rostral-caudal axis?

    <p>FGFs and Retinoic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are needed for caudal neural tissue formation in the neural plate?

    <p>FGFs and Retinoic Acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for Rostral-Caudal segmentation of the neural tube?

    <p>Expression of Hox genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signals give rise to most rostral structures like the forebrain?

    <p>(Chordin + Noggin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of additional signals like FGFs and Retinoic Acid in neural tube development?

    <p>Form caudal neural tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecules are crucial for patterning the neural plate into rostral (brain) and caudal (spinal cord) structures?

    <p>(Chordin + Noggin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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