Cell Fate Determination in Blastopore Cells Quiz

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What is the correct sequence of events in early nervous system development after egg fertilization?

Gastrulation, Cleavages to form Blastula, Formation of Brain, Neurulation

Cleavages to form Blastula, Gastrulation, Neurulation, Formation of Brain

Cleavages to form Blastula, Gastrulation, Formation of Brain, Neurulation (correct)

Gastrulation, Cleavages to form Blastula, Neurulation, Formation of Brain

Which process involves the migration of Neural Crest Cells to give rise to the Peripheral Nervous System?

Cell Migration (correct)

Cellular Proliferation

Establishment of Cellular Communication

Cellular Differentiation

What is the primary function of Glia in the nervous system?

Cellular Proliferation

Cellular Differentiation

Support and protect neurons (correct)

Neural Induction

Which organisms are commonly used as model organisms for studying early nervous system development?

Insects and Worms Signup and view all the answers

What defines the Central Nervous System?

Everything encompassed by bone like Cerebrum and Spinal Cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Organizer Region in neural plate formation?

It induces dorsal midline mesoderm to influence ectoderm to become Neural Plate ectoderm. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of early development follows the Cleavages to form Blastula?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

In the context of neural induction, what did Toivonen and Wartiovaara's experiments suggest about the organizer region?

It secretes neuralizing factors. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Cortical Lamination in nervous system development?

Formation of Brain Layers Signup and view all the answers

What concept did Grunz and Tacke propose based on their experiments in the late 1980s?

Neural fate is the default fate of cells. Signup and view all the answers

What significant outcome is observed when transplants from the dorsal lip of the blastopore are placed into the ventral region of a host embryo?

Formation of neural structures Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when neural cells receive low BMP signaling?

They acquire a neural fate. Signup and view all the answers

Which process results in the formation of a multi-layered structure with a primitive gut?

Gastrulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main outcome of improper closure of the neural tube during neurulation?

Congenital birth defects like spina bifida Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Noggin in neural development?

It blocks BMP signaling to induce neural fate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following molecules is expressed in the dorsal mesoderm and in the organizer?

Chordin Signup and view all the answers

How does blocking BMP-4 signaling affect ectodermal cells?

It induces expression of neural markers Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Follistatin's role in neural development?

It promotes the formation of a secondary neural tube Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of BMP-4 in ectodermal cells?

Promotes expression of epidermal genes only Signup and view all the answers

What is the default fate of ectodermal cells?

Becoming neural cells Signup and view all the answers

Which signaling pathway blocks Neural Induction and induces expression of epidermal specific genes?

BMP signaling Signup and view all the answers

How does the organizer favor neural fate?

By inhibiting BMP signaling Signup and view all the answers

What signals are responsible for establishing the rostral-caudal axis?

FGFs and Retinoic Acid Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are needed for caudal neural tissue formation in the neural plate?

FGFs and Retinoic Acid Signup and view all the answers

What is required for Rostral-Caudal segmentation of the neural tube?

Expression of Hox genes Signup and view all the answers

Which signals give rise to most rostral structures like the forebrain?

(Chordin + Noggin) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of additional signals like FGFs and Retinoic Acid in neural tube development?

Form caudal neural tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which molecules are crucial for patterning the neural plate into rostral (brain) and caudal (spinal cord) structures?