Cell Energy, Mitochondria, and Cytoskeleton Quiz
46 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the basic unit of structure and organization in living organisms according to the Cell Theory?

  • Plasma membrane
  • Proteins
  • Cells (correct)
  • Ribosomes

    • Which of the following is a major cellular organelle responsible for energy production within the cell?

  • Lysosomes
  • Ribosomes
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria (correct)

    • What is the function of RNA in the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

  • Messenger (correct)
  • Energy source
  • Worker
  • Heritable material

    • Which type of cells have membrane-bound organelles and are generally larger - prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the cytoplasm consist of?

    <p>Everything inside the plasma membrane except the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Cell Theory, how do new cells arise?

    <p>Only from pre-existing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of microtubules?

    <p>Facilitating muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate diameter of a microtubule?

    <p>25 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are microtubules comprised of?

    <p>Tubulin dimers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about microtubules is NOT true?

    <p>They are the most stable and permanent cytoskeletal structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of microtubules during cell division?

    <p>Organizing chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of filaments are comprised of actin molecules assembled in two long chains twisted around each other?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers help to maintain the size, shape, and integrity of the cell by acting as scaffolding?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one function of intermediate filaments in a cell?

    <p>Bear tension and weight throughout the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of filament has a diameter of approximately 8-12 nm and is comprised of a diverse range of different materials?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of cytoskeleton, what does it mean for a structure to be 'dynamic'?

    <p>Assembled and disassembled as required</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle carries a separate small genome encoding mitochondrial specific products?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of transmembrane proteins?

    <p>Facilitate intercellular communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes peripheral membrane proteins?

    <p>They allow cell-cell identification and external communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of glycoproteins found on the extracellular side of cells?

    <p>Mediate contact between cell surface integrins and ECM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of proteoglycans in cells?

    <p>Mediate contact between cells and extracellular matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do glycoproteins contribute to 'tissue typing'?

    <p>By acting as molecular signatures on cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of proteins specifically allow external signaling molecules to communicate information to the inside of a cell?

    <p>Transmembrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major organelle in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Chloroplasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

    <p>They have a hydrophobic region and hydrophilic polar heads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the endomembrane system?

    <p>Packaging, labeling, and shipping molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is primarily responsible for breaking down and recycling cellular components?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Mediating the movement of hydrophilic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>To modify and package proteins for transport to their destinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysosomes?

    <p>To digest cellular components and recycle building blocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mitochondria is true?

    <p>The main function of mitochondria is to generate ATP through cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cis and trans cisternae in the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>The cis cisternae receive proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum, and they move towards the trans cisternae for modification and packaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the acidic pH maintained within lysosomes?

    <p>To protect the rest of the cell from the powerful digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mitochondria is false?

    <p>Mitochondria are part of the endomembrane system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of microfilaments in a cell?

    <p>Bear tension and weight throughout the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fibers are comprised of actin molecules assembled in two long chains twisted around each other?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'dynamic' mean in the context of microfilaments?

    <p>Flexible and capable of assembly and disassembly as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for encoding mitochondrial specific products?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of size, which type of fibers are the largest in the cytoskeleton?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the membrane structure described in the text?

    <p>A mosaic of molecules bobbing in a fluid bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of nucleolus in the nucleus?

    <p>To produce ribosomal RNA (rRNA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does DNA fit within a cell according to the text?

    <p>By wrapping around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus?

    <p>Nuclear pores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to chromatin as a cell prepares for division?

    <p>It condenses into chromatin fibers, then loops, and then stacks as chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of nucleosomes in DNA organization?

    <p>To package DNA efficiently within the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plasma Membrane

    • The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier controlling the passage of substances in and out of the cell
    • It is a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins, providing a physical barrier separating the inside and outside of the cell
    • Phospholipids have a hydrophobic region and hydrophilic polar heads, arranged in a double layer with their tails facing each other
    • Plasma membrane proteins mediate the movement of hydrophilic substances and are often amphipathic, having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
    • Integral proteins are embedded (partially or fully) into the membrane

    Transmembrane Proteins

    • Transmembrane proteins are integral membrane proteins that fully span the entire membrane, contacting both extracellular and cytoplasmic areas
    • They carry out various functions, such as:
      • Channels and transporters, which can be general or selective, gated or not
      • Carrying out chemical reactions, either alone or as part of a team of enzymes
      • Acting as receptors for external signaling molecules

    Cellular Organelles

    • Major organelles include:
      • Nucleus
      • Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth and rough)
      • Golgi apparatus
      • Lysosomes
      • Mitochondria
      • Ribosomes
    • The endomembrane system includes the plasma membrane, along with the above organelles, working together to package, label, and ship molecules

    Golgi Apparatus

    • The Golgi apparatus is a series of flattened sacs or cisternae that contain enzymes of different functions
    • Proteins move from the cis to trans side of the Golgi, maturing at the exit cisternae, and then travel to their destination
    • Modifications occur within each sac, including the formation of glycoproteins, glycolipids, and lipoproteins

    Lysosomes

    • Lysosomes contain powerful digestive enzymes and are formed from the Golgi membrane
    • They have a membrane that pumps H+ ions to maintain an acidic pH, protecting the rest of the cell from digestion
    • Lysosomes are responsible for the digestion of:
      • Substances that enter the cell
      • Cell components, such as organelles (autophagy)
      • Entire cells (autolysis)

    Mitochondria

    • Mitochondria are responsible for generating ATP through cellular respiration
    • They are made up of an outer mitochondrial membrane, an inner mitochondrial membrane with folds called cristae, and a fluid-filled interior cavity called the mitochondrial matrix
    • Mitochondria have a separate small genome encoding mitochondrial-specific products
    • The number of mitochondria present in a cell is directly related to the amount of energy required by the cell

    Cytoskeleton

    • The cytoskeleton is a structural support system of the cell, providing shape, size, and integrity
    • It is composed of three types of fibers:
      • Microfilaments (diameter: ~7 nm, composed of actin molecules)
      • Intermediate filaments (diameter: 8-12 nm, composed of diverse materials)
      • Microtubules (diameter: 25 nm, composed of tubulin dimers)
    • The cytoskeleton acts as scaffolding across the cell and is involved in intracellular transportation and cell movement

    Nucleus

    • The nucleus is the largest distinct structure inside the cell, enclosed by a double lipid bilayer called the nuclear envelope
    • It is continuous with the rough Endoplasmic Reticulum and has nuclear pores that regulate the movement of substances in and out
    • The nucleus contains DNA, which is wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes, and is responsible for:
      • Housing and protecting DNA
      • Making RNA and assembling ribosomes
      • Regulating the movement of substances in and out of the nucleus

    Cell Theory

    • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
    • The cell is the basic unit of structure and organization
    • All cells arise only from pre-existing cells
    • Universal similarities between cells include:
      • DNA as the heritable material
      • RNA as a messenger
      • Proteins as the workers
      • ATP as an energy source

    Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells

    • Prokaryote cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus and are typically smaller than eukaryote cells
    • Eukaryote cells have membrane-bound organelles and are generally larger than prokaryote cells
    • Both types of cells have plasma membranes, cytosol, DNA, RNA, proteins, and ribosomes

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Lecture 6 CSF Intro to the Cell 2024 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the relationship between cell energy, mitochondrial functions, and cytoskeleton components. Learn about the ATP production in relation to cell energy needs, the key role of mitochondria in carrying a separate genome, and the structural support provided by the cytoskeleton in cells.

    More Like This

    Mitochondria and Cell Energy Quiz
    18 questions

    Mitochondria and Cell Energy Quiz

    GoldFantasticArt avatar
    GoldFantasticArt
    Cell Biology: Energy Production
    1 questions

    Cell Biology: Energy Production

    LikableOrangutan avatar
    LikableOrangutan
    Mitochondria Energy Production Worksheet
    13 questions

    Mitochondria Energy Production Worksheet

    ReputableKelpie avatar
    ReputableKelpie
    Cell Biology: Mitochondria Overview
    36 questions

    Cell Biology: Mitochondria Overview

    BlissfulVerisimilitude avatar
    BlissfulVerisimilitude
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser