Cell Division Signals and Signal Transduction Quiz

Nutrients and oxygen; signals are transmitted to the nucleus through endocytosis

Toxins and pathogens; signals are transmitted to the nucleus via passive diffusion

Growth factors and mitogens; signals are relayed to the nucleus via signal transduction (correct)

Hormones and neurotransmitters; signals are directly transmitted to the nucleus

Activated protein translation and pathways for energy production, anabolic metabolism, and creation of organelles (correct)

Cell enters a dormant state and stops all metabolic activities

Cell membrane ruptures due to excessive signal amplification

Cell undergoes programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Cells undergo uncontrolled proliferation regardless of the tissue state

-ve regulations (TSGs) often inactivated by mutations/epigenetic effects

Proliferates only via external stimuli and stops when normal tissue is restored (correct)

+ve regulators (from proto-oncogenes) might become oncogene when activated by mutations/epigenetic effects

<p>Receptor on p.m. binds to mitogen → signal amplified by second messengers → signal reaches nucleus → gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain phosphorylates peptides when ligands bind (activation → dimerization) creating docking sites for adaptor proteins to propagate signals</p> Signup and view all the answers