50 Questions
Which process involves two nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions?
Meiosis
During which process does the number of chromosomes reduce to half?
Meiosis
Which type of cell is produced during meiosis?
Haploid
How many cells are produced from one cell during mitosis?
1
Which process involves the occurrence of crossing over?
Meiosis
Which process involves the pairing of homologous chromosomes?
Meiosis
What is the purpose of mitosis?
To produce somatic cells
What is the type of reproduction associated with meiosis?
Sexual
What is the genetic composition of cells produced during mitosis?
Identical as parent cell
What is the genetic makeup of an individual referred to as?
Genotype
Which event in cell division involves the duplication of genetic material?
Replication
What is the purpose of mitosis in cell division?
To distribute duplicated DNA molecules into new cells
Which phase of the cell cycle comes after the S phase?
G2 phase
How many cell divisions are involved in meiosis?
Two
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis occurs in most cells of the human body, while meiosis occurs in the ovaries and testes
What is the purpose of cytokinesis in cell division?
To divide the cytoplasm into new daughter cells
Which phase of the cell cycle is divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase?
M phase
What restores the diploid number of chromosomes after meiosis?
Fertilization
What is the purpose of meiosis in cell division?
To increase genetic variability in the population
What are the haploid gametes produced in meiosis?
Sperm and egg cells
Which term refers to a pair of chromosomes where one member is inherited from the sperm and the other from the egg?
Homologous pair of chromosomes
What is a segment of DNA located in a specific site on a specific chromosome that contains information for making a protein?
Segment of DNA
How many genes are there per trait due to having pairs of homologous chromosomes?
Two genes
Which one of these carries the same genes for the same traits?
Homologous pair of chromosomes
What is the term for the process of restoring the diploid number of chromosomes after meiosis?
Fertilization
How many cell divisions are involved in meiosis?
Two
During which process does the number of chromosomes reduce to half?
Meiosis
What is the genetic composition of cells produced during mitosis?
Diploid
What is the purpose of mitosis in cell division?
To restore the diploid number of chromosomes
What is the purpose of meiosis in cell division?
To produce gametes
Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?
There are 64 codons for 20 amino acids.
What is the function of the codon AUG in the genetic code?
It codes for the start signal.
Which of the following codons act as 'stop signals' in the genetic code?
UAA, UAG, UGA
What is the shared characteristic of virtually all organisms regarding the genetic code?
They all share the same genetic code.
How many amino acids are used by all organisms in the genetic code?
20
What does each codon in the genetic code specify?
A particular amino acid
If the mRNA sequence is AUGUUUCAG, what is the corresponding sequence of the peptide?
Met-Phe-Gln
What is the correct way to write the sequence of the peptide NH2-Met-Phe-Gln-COOH?
NH2-Met-Phe-Gln-COOH
What is the function of the codons UAA, UAG, and UGA in the genetic code?
They act as 'stop signals' indicating the end of the message.
What is the main purpose of the genetic code?
To specify the sequence of amino acids in a protein
Which term refers to alternative forms of a gene that always occur in pairs due to pairs of homologous chromosomes?
Alleles
What is the term for individuals who have two identical alleles, which can be either dominant or recessive?
Homozygous
What occurs when one allele is not fully dominant over its partner, resulting in an intermediate phenotype?
Incomplete dominance
Which term describes the occurrence when both alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygote?
Codominance
What term is used to describe traits that result from the interactions of multiple genes and can be influenced by the environment?
Polygenic traits
Which term refers to genes carried on the sex chromosomes, with most being X-linked?
Sex-linked traits
What is used to predict inheritance patterns for sex-linked traits?
Punnett squares
What is used to track the transmission of phenotypic traits through families and can help deduce characteristics of inheritance?
Pedigree charts
What can result from errors in cell division, including variations in chromosome structure or number?
Chromosomal disorders
What is the process that involves the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein?
Transcription and translation
Study Notes
Introduction to Modern Genetics
- Alleles are alternative forms of a gene and always occur in pairs due to pairs of homologous chromosomes.
- Differences in alleles result in different genotypes, and even small differences can lead to the production of different proteins.
- Homozygous individuals have two identical alleles, which can be either dominant or recessive.
- Heterozygous individuals have one allele for the dominant trait and one allele for the recessive trait.
- Incomplete dominance occurs when one allele is not fully dominant over its partner, resulting in an intermediate phenotype.
- Codominance occurs when both alleles are equally expressed in a heterozygote, such as the A, B, and O alleles in blood type.
- Many human traits are polygenic, meaning they result from the interactions of multiple genes, and can be influenced by the environment.
- Sex-linked traits are genes carried on the sex chromosomes, with most being X-linked.
- Punnett squares can be used to predict inheritance patterns for sex-linked traits.
- Pedigree charts are used to track the transmission of phenotypic traits through families and can help deduce characteristics of inheritance.
- Chromosomal disorders can result from errors in cell division, including variations in chromosome structure or number.
- The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein involves transcription and translation processes.
Test your knowledge of cell division with this quiz! Learn about the three distinct but interconnected events of replication, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Understand how genetic material is duplicated, distributed, and divided in the process of cell division.
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