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Questions and Answers
What did Mendel contribute to the field of genetics?
What did Mendel contribute to the field of genetics?
- He explained how DNA replicates.
- He identified the function of chromosomes.
- He established the laws of inheritance. (correct)
- He discovered the structure of DNA.
Which statement describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
Which statement describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
- Phenotype determines genotype based on environmental factors.
- Phenotype is the same as genotype.
- Genotype determines phenotype but is not visible. (correct)
- Genotype and phenotype are unrelated concepts.
What is the term for an organism with two different alleles for a specific gene?
What is the term for an organism with two different alleles for a specific gene?
- Homozygous recessive
- Homozygous dominant
- Heterozygous (correct)
- Consanguineous
Which of the following correctly represents a homozygous recessive genotype?
Which of the following correctly represents a homozygous recessive genotype?
What are alleles?
What are alleles?
How many alleles does an individual inherit from each parent for a given gene?
How many alleles does an individual inherit from each parent for a given gene?
Which of the following statements is true about Mendel's pea plants?
Which of the following statements is true about Mendel's pea plants?
What role does DNA play in heredity according to modern genetics?
What role does DNA play in heredity according to modern genetics?
What modern discovery helped explain Mendel's rules of inheritance?
What modern discovery helped explain Mendel's rules of inheritance?
What do we call different versions of a gene?
What do we call different versions of a gene?
How many alleles does each parent contribute to the offspring for a specific gene?
How many alleles does each parent contribute to the offspring for a specific gene?
Which of the following genotypes represents a homozygous dominant condition?
Which of the following genotypes represents a homozygous dominant condition?
What is a phenotype?
What is a phenotype?
What is the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes?
What is the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes?
In Mendel's pea plants, the presence of the tall allele (T) is dominant over the short allele (t). What would be the expected phenotype of a plant with genotype Tt?
In Mendel's pea plants, the presence of the tall allele (T) is dominant over the short allele (t). What would be the expected phenotype of a plant with genotype Tt?
What term describes an organism having two identical alleles for a specific gene?
What term describes an organism having two identical alleles for a specific gene?
Which of the following describes an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a specific gene?
Which of the following describes an organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a specific gene?
What aspect of genetics did Mendel's work primarily focus on?
What aspect of genetics did Mendel's work primarily focus on?
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Study Notes
Mendel and DNA
- Mendel did not know about DNA as hereditary material; understanding emerged long after his time.
- Modern genetics explains Mendel's findings, revealing DNA as the basis of hereditary factors.
Foundations of Modern Genetics
- Mendel established the basis but left many questions unanswered about dominant and recessive traits.
- Discoveries in DNA structure and chromosomal behavior provide clarity on how these traits function.
Traits, Genes, and Alleles
- DNA is organized into chromosomes, each containing numerous genes.
- Variants of genes, known as alleles, can differ among individuals.
- Each parent contributes one allele per gene to their offspring.
- Example: For height in pea plants, there are two alleles—dominant tallness (T) and recessive shortness (t).
Genotype and Phenotype
- Genotype refers to the specific allele combination in an individual (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).
- Alleles come in pairs; one from each parent, forming homologous chromosomes.
- Homozygous genotype (same alleles) can be dominant (TT) or recessive (tt), while heterozygous (different alleles) is represented as Tt.
- Phenotype describes observable traits, influenced by the genotype.
- Analogy: Genotype is the recipe; phenotype is the resultant cake.
- Example: Pea plants can be tall (TT or Tt) or short (tt).
Genotype and Phenotype Relationships
- Different genotypes can yield the same phenotype (e.g., TT and Tt both result in tall plants).
- The recessive trait (t) appears only when both alleles are recessive (tt).
Mendel and DNA
- Mendel did not know about DNA as hereditary material; understanding emerged long after his time.
- Modern genetics explains Mendel's findings, revealing DNA as the basis of hereditary factors.
Foundations of Modern Genetics
- Mendel established the basis but left many questions unanswered about dominant and recessive traits.
- Discoveries in DNA structure and chromosomal behavior provide clarity on how these traits function.
Traits, Genes, and Alleles
- DNA is organized into chromosomes, each containing numerous genes.
- Variants of genes, known as alleles, can differ among individuals.
- Each parent contributes one allele per gene to their offspring.
- Example: For height in pea plants, there are two alleles—dominant tallness (T) and recessive shortness (t).
Genotype and Phenotype
- Genotype refers to the specific allele combination in an individual (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).
- Alleles come in pairs; one from each parent, forming homologous chromosomes.
- Homozygous genotype (same alleles) can be dominant (TT) or recessive (tt), while heterozygous (different alleles) is represented as Tt.
- Phenotype describes observable traits, influenced by the genotype.
- Analogy: Genotype is the recipe; phenotype is the resultant cake.
- Example: Pea plants can be tall (TT or Tt) or short (tt).
Genotype and Phenotype Relationships
- Different genotypes can yield the same phenotype (e.g., TT and Tt both result in tall plants).
- The recessive trait (t) appears only when both alleles are recessive (tt).
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