Cell Division: M Phase and Interphase
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of cell division in multicellular organisms?

  • To provide energy for cellular activities
  • To eliminate waste products from the cell
  • For development, growth, and repair (correct)
  • To regulate the metabolism of the cell

    • Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

  • S phase (correct)
  • G1 phase
  • M phase
  • G2 phase

    • During which stage of the cell cycle are the chromosomes most visible?

  • Interphase
  • S phase
  • Cytokinesis
  • Mitosis (correct)

    • What structure holds sister chromatids together?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of a cell's life cycle is primarily spent in interphase?

    <p>Approximately 90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes cytokinesis in plant cells from that in animal cells?

    <p>Plant cells form a cell plate instead of pinching.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about tumor formation in cancer is accurate?

    <p>Cancer cells can form tumors due to failure in the cell cycle control system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do spindle fibers play during cell division?

    <p>They separate homologous chromosomes at the centromere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the uncontrolled cell division that characterizes cancer?

    <p>Formation of tumors that crowd out normal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is nondisjunction and what might it lead to?

    <p>A failure of chromosomes to separate properly, which can cause genetic disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is NOT part of the mitotic process?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During differentiation, what characterizes the change from an unspecialized cell?

    <p>It transforms into a cell with a specific structure and function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the characteristic loss of control in cancer cells?

    <p>Dysfunction in the control mechanisms for growth and division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common factor that contributes to the development of cancer?

    <p>Environmental factors and carcinogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly defines mitosis?

    <p>The replication of genetic information followed by its division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a cell's efficiency as it increases in size?

    <p>It decreases due to volume growing faster than surface area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

    <p>M phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique advantage of sexual reproduction compared to asexual reproduction?

    <p>It allows for the combination of genetic information from two parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the synthesis phase (S) of the cell cycle?

    <p>The DNA is replicated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of lysosomes opening during apoptosis?

    <p>The cell is destroyed through the release of acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during prophase of mitosis?

    <p>The nuclear envelope breaks down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of mitosis do chromatids begin migrating to opposite poles of the cell?

    <p>Anaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes telophase?

    <p>Nuclear membranes reappear and chromosomes begin to disappear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant event during metaphase?

    <p>Chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the visibility of chromosomes during mitosis?

    <p>Chromosomes remain visible throughout all stages of mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis?

    <p>It increases genetic diversity among the offspring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of meiosis is characterized by the separation of homologous chromosomes?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of the fertilization process depicted in the diagram?

    <p>A female offspring is produced with XX chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In meiosis II, what occurs during anaphase II?

    <p>Sister chromatids are separating to opposite poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the outcome of Meiosis II in the context of sex chromosome inheritance?

    <p>It creates four haploid cells, each with a complete set of X or Y chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the diagram's representation of sex chromosomes is incorrect?

    <p>The combination in the offspring always results in a male.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the final result of meiosis differ from that of mitosis?

    <p>Meiosis results in four haploid cells, while mitosis results in two diploid cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strictly defines the process of independent assortment during meiosis?

    <p>The random alignment of chromosomes during metaphase I and II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phrase best summarizes the stages illustrated in the diagram regarding sex chromosome inheritance?

    <p>Gamete formation and combination are essential for offspring development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During meiosis, what occurs in the first division that is critical for sex chromosome inheritance?

    <p>Homologous chromosomes pair and subsequently segregate into different cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell Division

    • Multicellular organisms depend on cell division for development, growth and repair
    • A process in which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called cell division

    M phase

    • The M phase of the cell cycle is the Cellular Division phase (2 parts are Mitosis and cytokinesis)

    S phase

    • The S phase of interphase is when there is copying DNA to prepare for division, DNA is replicated

    Interphase

    • The stage during which the cell grows, develops into a mature functional cell, and prepares for division
    • It is the cell's normal, everyday activity
    • It makes up approximately 90% of the cell's life span
    • Only during cell division are the chromosomes visible

    Centromere

    • Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA. They are attached at the centromere.

    Sister chromatids

    • Sister chromatids are structures that contain identical copies of DNA attached at the centromere.

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    Description

    Explore the essential processes of cell division, including the M phase and interphase. This quiz covers the stages of the cell cycle, DNA replication, and the role of sister chromatids. Test your knowledge on how multicellular organisms rely on these processes for growth and repair.

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