Cell Division: M Phase and Interphase

The process of passing sex chromosomes (X and Y) from parents to offspring during reproduction.

A two-part cell division process that creates gametes (sex cells) containing half the number of chromosomes of a parent cell.

The first division in meiosis, separating homologous chromosomes.

The second division in meiosis, separating sister chromatids.

Offspring produced by the combination of an X chromosome from the sperm and an X chromosome from the egg.

Programmed cell death, where cells self-destruct.

Cells can't grow infinitely large due to the ratio of volume to surface area.

Sexual reproduction combines genetic material from two parents.

Chromosomes are visible only during cell division.

The sequence: G1, S, G2, and M phases to complete one full cycle of a cells life.

The four stages of cell division during mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

The two main steps in cell division are mitosis and cytokinesis.

Uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to the formation of tumors.

Cancerous cells don't follow the normal cell cycle control mechanisms, leading to uncontrolled division.

Cancer cells crowd out normal cells, disrupt tissue function, and potentially kill the organism.

The first stage of mitosis, where chromatin condenses into chromosomes, spindle fibers form, and the nuclear envelope disappears.

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

The stage of mitosis where chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

The final stage of mitosis, where chromosomes reach poles, the nuclear envelope reforms, and the cell begins to divide completely.

The sequence of events in mitosis: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

The process where a cell divides into two daughter cells, crucial for growth, repair, and development in multicellular organisms.

The cell cycle phase encompassing mitosis and cytokinesis, the actual division process.

The synthesis phase of interphase where DNA replication occurs.

The 'everyday' phase of a cell's life cycle, encompassing growth, development & DNA duplication, before division.

The region where sister chromatids are joined, crucial for proper chromosome separation during cell division.

The process in animal cells where the cell membrane pinches in the middle to divide the cell's cytoplasm and organelles into two daughter cells.

Spindle fibers are protein structures that attach to chromosomes and pull them apart during cell division.

In plant cells, the cell plate forms between the daughter nuclei during cytokinesis to separate them.

Tumors are masses of cells that grow abnormally due to unregulated cell division.

Nondisjunction is when chromosomes fail to separate correctly during cell division, potentially leading to genetic disorders.

Meiosis is a specialized cell division creating sex cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This involves two divisions, Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

During Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material.

Meiosis I consists of Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I, leading to two new cells.

The resulting cells from meiosis, containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Meiosis II consists of Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II, producing four haploid daughter cells from two cells.