Cell Division Concepts Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What do cells need to do between divisions to make sure that they don't just get smaller and smaller?

A cell must grow.

What do cells need to do between divisions to make sure that a full set of DNA gets passed on to each daughter cell?

The DNA must be copied so there is a full set of DNA to pass on to each daughter cell.

Do all cells look the same?

False

Of the 100 cells shown, how many are in the process of dividing?

5 Signup and view all the answers

How many cells are in the interphase stage of their life cycle?

91 Signup and view all the answers

Based on these two observations, would you say that a cell spends most of its life cycle in interphase or in mitosis/cytokinesis?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What do you notice happening during cellular division?

The cell stays in interphase the longest, and when ready to start mitosis, it happens suddenly. Signup and view all the answers

What is interphase?

It prepares itself by replicating all of its organelles and genetic material. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during prophase?

The nuclear membrane breaks down, chromosomes condense and become visible, and the spindle apparatus forms. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during metaphase?

The tetrads are arranged around the center by kinetochores motions. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaphase?

The chromatids are pulled apart and divided into two poles. Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase?

The chromosomes are transferred to opposite ends and the nuclear envelope reforms. Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

The cell divides, resulting in two daughter cells. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four phases of mitosis?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase. Signup and view all the answers

During which phase is the DNA duplicated?

Interphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between chromatin and chromosomes?

Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes during prophase. Signup and view all the answers

In which phase are chromatids pulled apart?

Anaphase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the centrioles?

Centrioles produce spindle fibers that assist in chromosome movement. Signup and view all the answers

In which phase does a new nuclear membrane develop?

Telophase Signup and view all the answers

What phase is a cell in if it has a single line of chromosomes?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

During which three phases are individual chromosomes no longer visible?

Interphase, cytokinesis, telophase Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important that the cell's DNA is duplicated before cell division?

If the cell's DNA weren't duplicated, then each daughter cell would only get half of a complete set of DNA. Signup and view all the answers

At the end of cytokinesis, how many daughter chromosomes will be found in each cell?

There will be 46 daughter chromosomes in each daughter cell. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Division Overview

Cell division involves cells reproducing by splitting in half, requiring growth in between divisions to maintain size.
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, carries the genetic information that must be copied before cell division to ensure daughter cells receive a full set.

Cell Life Cycle

A majority of cells (91 out of 100) are in the interphase stage, indicating that cells spend most of their life cycle in interphase rather than in mitosis or cytokinesis.

Stages of Cell Division

Interphase:
- Three sub-stages: G1, S, and G2 where organelles and genetic material are replicated in preparation for division.
Mitosis Stages:
- Prophase: Nuclear membrane breaks down, chromosomes condense, and spindle apparatus forms.
- Metaphase: Tetrads align at the center, while sister chromatids remain attached.
- Anaphase: Chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles, enhancing genetic diversity.
- Telophase: Chromosomes reach opposite ends, reforming the nuclear envelope and breaking down the spindle.

Cytokinesis

Following mitosis, cytokinesis divides the cell into two daughter cells, each with the same number and type of chromosomes as the original.

Key Questions and Answers

Four phases of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
DNA is duplicated during interphase.
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes during prophase.
Chromatids are pulled apart in anaphase.
Centrioles produce spindle fibers crucial for chromosome movement.
A new nuclear membrane develops during telophase.
A cell with a single line of chromosomes is in metaphase.
Individual chromosomes are not visible during interphase, cytokinesis, and telophase.
DNA duplication before division is essential to ensure each daughter cell receives a complete set of DNA.
Each daughter cell, post-cytokinesis, contains 46 daughter chromosomes as each original chromosome splits into two.

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Description

This quiz provides flashcards focused on the fundamental concepts of cell division, highlighting the growth and DNA replication processes necessary for cellular reproduction. Ideal for students studying biology and cellular mechanisms.