Cell Division and Chromosome Changes Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the narrow 'waist' of the duplicated chromosome where the two chromatids are most closely attached?

Cohesin

Kinetochores

Centromere (correct)

Aster

What is the term for a complex of DNA and protein that condenses into chromosomes during cell division?

Spindle fiber

Centrosome

Chromatin (correct)

Microtubule

What is the characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus for every eukaryotic species?

Always the same for all eukaryotic species

Not related to genetic material

Varies widely among species (correct)

Depends on the organism's age

What is the term for nonreproductive cells with two sets of chromosomes?

Somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replicate and chromosomes condense in preparation for cell division?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure that connects sister chromatids at the centromere?

Cohesin Signup and view all the answers

What are reproductive cells with half as many chromosomes as somatic cells called?

Gametes Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the life of a cell from formation to its own division?

Cell cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region of a chromosome where microtubules of the spindle attach during cell division?

Kinetochore Signup and view all the answers

Which type of organisms depend on cell division for growth, development, and repair?

Multicellular organisms only Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the phases in the cell cycle?

G1, S, G2, mitotic phase Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaphase of mitosis?

Sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division results in two identical daughter cells?

Mitosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of mitosis?

Embryonic development, tissue growth, and cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which phase marks the beginning of mitosis?

Prophase Signup and view all the answers

What is cytokinesis?

The division of the cytoplasm resulting in two separate cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase?

New nuclear envelopes form and chromatids uncoil into chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What are defects in proteins like cohesins associated with?

Errors in chromosome segregation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cancer cells is true?

They do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence, allowing them to divide uncontrollably. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MPF (maturation-promoting factor) in the cell cycle?

Triggers a cell’s passage past the G$_2$ checkpoint into the M phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cyclin B in the regulation of the cell cycle?

Acts as a regulatory subunit required for catalytic activity of the Cdk1 protein kinase Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cancer cells is true?

Cancer cells may not need growth factors to grow and divide Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of density-dependent inhibition in normal mammalian cells?

It inhibits cell division when cells are crowded together Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a cell does not receive a go-ahead signal at the G$_1$ checkpoint?

It will exit the cycle and switch into a nondividing state called G$_0$ phase Signup and view all the answers

What regulates MPF (maturation-promoting factor) activity during the cell cycle?

Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of Cdk1 Signup and view all the answers

What role do internal signals play in regulating the cell cycle?

They can delay anaphase by sending molecular signals Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chromosomes are duplicated during interphase, which makes up about 90% of the cell cycle
Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells
Mitosis is composed of interphase, mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis), and cell division in animal and plant cells
Interphase is further divided into G1, S, and G2 phases
During interphase, DNA is replicated during S phase
Mitosis begins with prophase, where chromosomes condense and the spindle starts forming
In metaphase, chromosomes align on the metaphase plate
During anaphase, sister chromatids are separated and pulled towards opposite poles of the cell
In telophase, new nuclear envelopes form and chromatids uncoil into chromatin
Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm and results in two separate cells
Mitosis is important for embryonic development, tissue growth, and cell proliferation
Mitosis and meiosis are the two main types of cell division
Defects in proteins like cohesins can lead to errors in chromosome segregation
Cancer cells do not exhibit density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence, allowing them to divide uncontrollably.

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Description

Test your knowledge on how a cell's chromosomes change during cell division and learn about the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Explore the concept of check points and MPF in the cell cycle.